Infectious Disease Flashcards
(22 cards)
6 steps in the chain of infection?
-the infectious agent
-reservoir
-portal of exit
-mode of transmission
-portal of entry
-susceptible host
(imagine it’s in you, and the steps for it to get into someone else)
What are the 4 infections agent types?
-bacteria
-fungi
-virus
-protozoa
What are 5 factors for a good reservoir(where a pathogen survives-it may or may not multiply)?
-food
-O2(most agents are aerobic-if they don’t require O2 called anaerobic)
-H2O
-Temp(ideal in humans is 35C)
-pH(5-8)
-lack of light
What are 4 modes of transmission?
-contact(direct or indirect)
-airborne
-vehicle(water, drugs, blood)
-vectorborne(pests)
What are examples of portals of entry and exit?
Orifices, breaks, ostomies(surgical ly made holes)
What are the 4 stages of infection?
-incubation(from entry to first symptom)
-prodromal(nonspecific symptoms, pathogen multiplies)
-illness(host manifests specific s&s)
-convalescence(acute s&s gone, recovery)
What are 4 body defense mechanisms?
-immune response
-normal flora
-body systems
-inflammation
What are the 3 steps of inflammation?
-vascular/cellular (arterioles dilate)
-form inflammatory exudate(pus, can be serous/sanguinous/serosanguinous and purulent)
-tissue repair
3 types of parasites?
Protozoan: unicellular ex.malaria
Helminths: large worms
Ectoparasites: blood sucking arthropods, ticks, mosquitos
Facts about herpes?
Common virus. Alike chicken pox, initial infection(blisters/rash) and then sits latent until immune system weak.
Usually HSV-2, some HSV-1(coldsores).
What is condyloma?
Warts caused by HPV. Circumscribed, use cream.
Facts about Chlamydia?
Bacteria.
Females often asymptomatic. Males have yellow odorous discharge.
Leading cause of PID(pelvic inflammatory disease).
Facts about gonorrhea?
Bacteria that uses pilli to damage mucosa.
Can be asymptomatic.
Inflammation, men can experience burning when urinating, discharge that can be yellow, white, or green.
Describe the 4 stages of syphilis(bacteria)?
Primary: chancre/ulcer 3 weeks after exposure.
Secondary: widespread rash, fever, malaise.
Latent: asymptomatic, can be years.
Tertiary: aortic issues, CNS, bone, skin destruction.
What is candidiasis?
Fungal. A kind of yeast that is part of our normal flora.
Superficial infection that can invade blood. Use creams or oral fluconazole.
Facts about HIV?
Virus.
Binds to receptors of lymphocytes. Leads to AIDs. Makes you susceptible to other infections.
Transmitted by sex, injections, transfusions, mom-fetus. Does not spread on surfaces.
What organ does hepatitis effect?
What are the 3 types of Hepatitis, how do you get it? And incubation periods?
Hepatitis effects liver function= jaundice, organ failure, portal hypertension, limit OTC drugs.
Hep A: fecal/oral. Incubation=2-6weeks, acute=2-12weeks, recovery could be months.
Hep B: blood/fluids. Incubation= 2-6 months, acute=6 months, can be chronic.
Hep C: blood/fluids. Incubation= 6-12 weeks, acute=4 weeks, is chronic, no vaccine.
What is Lyme disease?
Bacteria. Most common tick carried disease. Remove ticks before 24-48 hours.
Stage 1: localized infection 7-14 days
Stage 2: dissemination, weeks-months, arthritis, cardiac
Stage 3: latent, can be years. (this stage may not be counted)
Stage 4: Chronic, after latent. Encephalitis, other issues.
What is varicella roster?
Chicken pox virus. Respiratory and contact spread.
Stage 1: Incubation 2-3 weeks, fever, malaise, anorexia.
Stage 2: Pruritic rash.
Stage 3: Blisters scab over.
It sits latent in your system forever, when immune system weak it can reappear as ‘shingles’.
Describe malaria?
Febrile hemolytic disease caused by plasmodium. 3 million deaths/year.
Immature plasmodium injected by mosquito. Invade liver & mature, incubate for 10-30 days, released into blood. Reservoir remains in liver Invade RBCs, break out causing anemia, splenomegaly, cerebral issues.
3 stages:
1: chills
2: fever
3: sweat, fatigue
What’s the fancy name for lice?
Pediculosis, live in hairy regions.
Where do scabies live?
Soft skin, ex. hands, abdo.
Rx: permethrin cream.
