Infectious Disease

Question 1

What is colonization?

Answer 1

The presence of microorganisms without causing host interference or interaction.

Question 2

What is infection?

Answer 2

A condition where a microorganism interacts with the host, showing clinical evidence of infection.

Question 3

What is infectious disease?

Answer 3

A condition where the infected host experiences a decline in wellness due to the infection.

Question 4

What are major sources of information for nurses regarding infectious diseases?

Answer 4

Centers for Disease Control (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), State & Local Public Health Departments

Question 5

What are the two main vaccination programs in the U.S.?

Answer 5

Children’s Vaccination Program
Adult Vaccination Program

Question 6

Name three vaccines recommended for healthcare workers.

Answer 6

Influenza (Flu) Vaccine
Hepatitis B Vaccine
COVID-19 Vaccine

Question 7

What are the benefits of vaccination for healthcare workers and patients?

Answer 7

Reduces hospital-acquired infections (HAIs)
Protects healthcare workers from exposure
Prevents disease outbreaks in healthcare settings

Question 8

What are the two types of infection control precautions?

Answer 8

Standard Precautions (Tier 1) and Transmission-Based Precautions (Tier 2)

Question 9

What are standard precautions used for?

Answer 9

All patients to prevent HAIs

Question 10

What are transmission-based precautions used for?

Answer 10

Patients with known or suspected infections

Question 11

What are the key components of Standard Precautions (Tier 1)?

Answer 11

Hand hygiene, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), Safe handling of sharps and patient equipment, Proper patient placement

Question 12

What are the Transmission-Based Precautions (Tier 2)?

Answer 12

Contact, Contact Enteric, Droplet, Airborne Precautions, Neutropenic

Question 13

What do contact precautions require?

Answer 13

Gloves & gown, patient-dedicated equipment

Question 14

What do contact enteric precautions require?

Answer 14

Soap & water handwashing, gloves & gown

Question 15

What do droplet precautions require?

Answer 15

Mask, gloves, gown, eye protection

Question 16

What do airborne precautions require?

Answer 16

N95 mask, negative pressure room, eye protection

Question 17

What do neutropenic precautions require?

Answer 17

No raw foods, no plants, no sick visitors

Question 18

What diseases require Contact Precautions?

Answer 18

C. difficile
MRSA
VRE (Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus)

Question 19

What diseases require Droplet Precautions?

Answer 19

Influenza (Flu)
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Meningitis

Question 20

What diseases require Airborne Precautions?

Answer 20

Tuberculosis (TB)
Measles
Chickenpox (Varicella)
COVID-19

Question 21

What are the symptoms of Ebola Virus Disease?

Answer 21

High fever, Severe diarrhea (5L per day), Body aches, Internal bleeding

Question 22

How is Ebola virus spread?

Answer 22

Through blood/body fluids, infected bats

Question 23

What is the primary risk of Zika Virus infection during pregnancy?

Answer 23

Microcephaly (birth defect) in newborns

Question 24

What are the symptoms of Zika virus?

Answer 24

Fever, rash, headache, joint pain

Question 25

What are the symptoms of West Nile Virus?

Answer 25

Fever, Headache, Neurological symptoms (in severe cases)

Question 26

What is Legionnaires' Disease?

Answer 26

Affects the lungs, causes pneumonia

Question 27

Whooping Cough (Pertussis)

Answer 27

Highly contagious, paroxysmal cough, droplet transmission, vaccine-preventable.

Question 28

What are the Five P’s of STI prevention?

Answer 28

Partners Prevention of Pregnancy Protection from STIs Practices Past History of STIs

Question 29

Syphilis

Answer 29

Progresses through primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stages; treated with Penicillin G IM

Question 30

Chlamydia & Gonorrhea in women

Answer 30

Can cause PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease), infertility, and ectopic pregnancy

Question 31

Chlamydia & Gonorrhea in men

Answer 31

Penile discharge, burning during urination

Question 32

What is the nursing assessment for an STI patient?

Answer 32

Check for rashes, lesions, drainage, inguinal lymph nodes, genitalia, rectal, mouth, and throat; women need abdominal and uterine exams

Question 33

What is the primary nursing intervention for infectious diarrhea?

Answer 33

Hydration!

Question 34

What are the signs of mild dehydration?

Answer 34

Dry oral mucous membranes Increased thirst

Question 35

How is mild dehydration treated?

Answer 35

50 mL/kg oral fluids over 4 hours

Question 36

What are the signs of moderate dehydration?

Answer 36

Sunken eyes, loss of skin turgor, increased thirst, and dry oral mucous membranes

Question 37

How is moderate dehydration treated?

Answer 37

100 mL/kg oral fluids over 4 hours

Question 38

What are the signs of severe dehydration?

Answer 38

Rapid, thready pulse, cyanosis, cold extremities, rapid breathing, lethargy or coma

Question 39

How is severe dehydration treated?

Answer 39

IV replacement until hemodynamic and mental status return to normal then treat with oral fluids

Question 40

What foodborne pathogens are associated with infectious diarrhea?

Answer 40

Norovirus – Cruise ships, LTC facilities Salmonella – Eggs & chicken E. coli – Beef, vegetables contaminated with animal wastewater Cholera – Contaminated shellfish

Question 41

What are potential complications of an untreated infectious disease?

Answer 41

Septicemia, sepsis, or septic shock, dehydration, abscess formation, endocarditis, infectious disease-related cancers, infertility, congenital abnormalities