Infectious disease Flashcards
(30 cards)
Where is trypanosome Cruzi located geographically?
What is the name for the disease it causes?
Central and south america
Chagas disease
What organism does trypanasome cross react with on serology?
Leishmania
Name this bug. What disease does it carry? How does it spread the disease to its host.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fdelaware-warning-deadly-disease-bugs-chagas-disease-1918297&psig=AOvVaw2VmltpbakT_OyLv0-afgCc&ust=1745570694722000&source=images&cd=vfe&opi=89978449&ved=0CBQQjRxqFwoTCKCn5duj8IwDFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE
Kissing bug.
Carries trypanosomes.
Spreads by defecating on host - faeces contain metacyclic trypomastigotes.
Host ingests faeces
Name 3 ways you can diagnose Trypanosomiasis.
- Identification of trypomastigotes on blood smear.
- Serology - best done 3w after infection, may need paired. Crossreacts with leash
- Histo on infected tissue (mainly heart muscle therefore mostly done PM)
What is the main clinical sign of dogs with T. Cruzi infection?
Myocarditis especially in puppies - signs of heart failure
Which state in USA does Chagas disease primarily occur in?
Texas
Name the 3 large Babesia species. How large are they?
(RVC)
Rossi
Vogeli
Canis
3-7 micrometers
What is the babesiosis structure inside a RBC called?
Piroplasm
What tick transmits Babesia Canis?
Dermacentor reticulatus (ornate cow tick)
What tick transmits Babesia Vogeli?
Rhicephilus sanguinous (brown dog tick)
Is treatment for babesiosis likely to clear carrier state?
No
How do you treat large Babesia species?
Imidocarb
How do you treat small Babesia species?
Atovoquone + azithromycin
NB can get resistance to atovoquone due to mutation in cytochrome B
How do you treat babesiosis in cats?
Primiquine
What is a common co-infection with borrelia?
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
What infection can anaplasma phagocytophilum enhance pathogenicity of?
Borrelia
What is the most common clinical sign with borreliosis?
None - only 10% dogs show signs
Signs occur 2-5m post tick bite
Non-specific - fever, hyporexia, enlarged LNs
Lyme arthritis - non-erosive polyarthritis (starts in joint closest to tick bite)
Lyme nephritis
Name 4 dog breeds possibly predisposed to Lyme nephritis.
Golden retriever
Bernese mountain dog
Labrador
Shetland Sheepdog
What is the best test for diagnosis of borreliosis?
C6 ELISA - detects antibody (IgG 3-5w post inf) to VS1E lipoprotein (only expressed by borrelia when in host)
(4Dx)
If performing PCR for borrelia, what sample is best to use?
Tissue from skin biopsy next to tick bite/synovial membrane biopsy
What cells does E. Canis infect?
Monocytes
What form is blastomycosis dermatitidis in
a) the environment
b) tissue
Environment - mycelial form
Conidia inhaled
Converted to thick walled, broad based budding yeasts in body (8-15 micrometers)
Where is Blastomycosis located in the USA?
North Eastern USA especially around great lakes
What inflammation type do you see with blastomycosis?
Pyogranulomatous inflammation
