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Infectious Disease 2 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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1
Q

Cutaneous larva migrans

Mx

A

Albendazole or Ivermectin

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2
Q

Rose spots and constipation
Caused by
Type of organism (-ve/+ve)

A

Typhoid
Salmonella
Gram-negative rods

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3
Q

HIV diarrhoea most common cause

A
  1. Cryptosporidium + other protozoa (most common)
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4
Q

Who should be given prophylaxis for PJP?

Common complication of PJP?

A

CD4 count < 20 should receive PCP/ PJP prophylaxis

Pneumothorax

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5
Q 
Name three extrapulmonary manifestations in PJP
Mx PJP (2)
A

hepatosplenomegaly
lymphadenopathy
choroid lesions

co-trimoxazole
IV pentamidine in severe cases

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6
Q

HPV
Which causes warts?
Which causes cervical cancer?

A

6&11

16&18

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7
Q

Age group for cervical cancer screening

Who else should be offered vaccine and why?

A

25-49 every 3 years
50-64 every 5 years
Boys and girls aged 12-13yo
Men who have sex with men under the age of 45 to protect against anal, throat and penile cancers

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8
Q

bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates =

A

PJP

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9
Q

Listeria monocytogenes
+ve/-ve shape
dx
Mx

A

Gram-positive bacillus
Contaminated food unpasteurised dairy products
blood cultures
amoxicillin/ampicillin

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10
Q

Animals
‘scabby’ lesions around the mouth and nose

Humans
generally affects the hands and arms
initially small, raised, red-blue papules
later may increase in size to 2-3 cm and become flat-topped and haemorrhagic

A

Orf

condition found in sheep and goats although it can be transmitted to humans. It is caused by the parapox virus.

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11
Q

PEP

Hepatitis A

A

Human Normal Immunoglobulin (HNIG) or hepatitis A vaccine

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12
Q

PEP

Hepatitis B

A

If known responder to HBV vaccine then for booster dose

If non responder for HBIG + vaccine

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13
Q

PEP

Hep C

A

monthly PCR - if seroconversion then interferon +/- ribavirin

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14
Q

PEP

HIV

A

Combi of antiretrovirals ASAP - can be started up to 72 hrs post exposure for 4 weeks
Serological testing at 12 weeks

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15
Q

PEP

Varicella

A

VZIG for IgG negative pregnant women/immunosuppressed

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16
Q

Sepsis scoring system

A

qSOFA >=2 = greater risk of mortality
Respiratory rate > 22/min
Altered mentation
Systolic blood pressure < 100 mm Hg

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17
Q

papulovesicular lesions where the skin has been penetrated by infective larvae e.g. soles of feet and buttocks
larva currens: pruritic, linear, urticarial rash
if the larvae migrate to the lungs a pneumonitis similar to Loeffler’s syndrome may be triggered

=

A

Strongyloides stercoralis

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18
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis
What is it?
Rx

A

human parasitic nematode worm
larvae are present in soil and gain access to the body by penetrating the skin
Rx ivermectin and albendazole

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19
Q

Sulfonamides

Example

A

sulfamethoxazole

co-trimoxazole

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20
Q

multiple painful ulcers =

A

genital herpes HSV 2

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21
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi. =

painful genital ulcers associated with unilateral, painful inguinal lymph node enlargemen

A

Chancroid

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22
Q

Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is caused by

A

chlamydia

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23
Q

What it Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)?

Rx

A

stage 1: small painless pustule which later forms an ulcer
stage 2: painful inguinal lymphadenopathy
stage 3: proctocolitis
doxycycline

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24
Q

questions referring to sewage workers, farmers, vets or people who work in an abattoir =
Mx

Study These Flashcards
A

Leptospirosis

high-dose benzylpenicillin or doxycycline

25
Influenza children How is it given When is it first given? Live or inactive?
it is given intranasally the first dose is given at 2-3 years, then annually after that it is a live vaccine
26
CI for flu vaccine in kids
immunocompromised aged < 2 years current febrile illness or blocked nose/rhinorrhoea current wheeze (e.g. ongoing viral-induced wheeze/asthma) or history of severe asthma (BTS step 4) egg allergy pregnancy/breastfeeding if the child is taking aspirin (e.g. for Kawasaki disease) due to a risk of Reye's syndrome
27
SE fluc vaccine kids
blocked-nose/rhinorrhoea headache anorexia
28
Types of influenza and most common
three types of influenza virus; A, B and C. Types A and B account for the majority of clinical disease.
29
Who is given the influenza vaccine?
>65yo Healthcare professionals Comorbidities Pregnant
30
CI for flu vaccine in adults
hypersensitivity to egg protein
31
Drowsiness with meningitis symptoms could indicate? | Mx
Meningoencephalitis | IV ceftriaxone and aciclovir
32
What is the most common cause of non-falciparum malaria? | Cyclical fever every how many hrs for each case?
Plasmodium vivax | Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae accounting for the other cases.
33
Mx plasmodium ovale and vivax (2)
Acute treatment = chloroquine | primaquine to be given alongside it to prevent relapse
34
``` Most common malaria Prophylaxis meds (4) ```
Plasmodium falciparum 1. Malarone (proguanil + atovaquone) 2. Chloroquine 3. Doxy 4. Lariam (mefloquine)
35
swimmers' itch = RF for which condition Mx Which organ is impacted? (three features)
schisto squamous cell bladder cancer single oral dose of praziquantel Bladder - therefore haematuria, increased frequency, bladder calcification
36
doxy SE (2)
1. photosensitivity | 2. oesophagitis
37
Lumbar puncture show a yeast and a capsule in the CSF stained with India ink =
cryptococcal meningitis
38
Faget's sign =
Slow pulse + temperature seen in Yellow fever
39
Yellow fever typical acute symptoms (4)
fever muscle pain loss of appetite N&V
40
Riverfisherman Haemturia Jaundice =
Weil's disease
41
Floaters, visual field defects in a HIV +ve pt =
CMV retinitis
42
Giardia mx
metro
43
Rocky mountain spotted fever = | Gram +ve/-ve
ricketssia ricketsii | Gram -ve
44
Life long scar formation =
Lieshmoniasis
45
River blindness
onchocherciasis
46
Paul Bunnel test =
Mono
47
Mx agitation and confusion in palliative patients
1. Haloperidol | 2. chlorpromazine, levomepromazine
48
Management of hiccups in palliative care (3)
1. chlorpromazine 2. haloperidol, gabapentin 3. dexamethasone is also used, particularly if there are hepatic lesions
49
``` Palliative care pain First line what should be prescribed with it what can be prescribed with it breakthrough pain how to work out the dose? percentage increase when stepping up ```
1. MR or IR morphine - 20-30mg of MR a day with 5mg for breakthrough pain - must be prescribed laxatives with it - +/- anti-emetic 1/6th total dose 30-50%
50
Palliative care pain | If renal disease which pain relief?
mild - mod Oxycodone | severe - lfentanil, buprenorphine and fentanyl
51
Metastatic bone pain management (3)
1. strong opioids 2. bisphosphonates 3. radiotherapy
52
``` Conversions Oral morphine to Oral oxycodone Oral tramadol to Oral morphine Oral codeine to Oral morphine oral morphine to subcutaneous morphine ```
/ 1.5-2 /10 /10 /2
53
``` Carcinogens Nitrosamines Aniline dyes Aflatoxin Bleomycin ```
Gastric + oesophageal TCC HCC can cause pulmonary fibrosis
54
Mx congenital toxoplasmosis | Rx for infected mother during pregnancy =
spiramycin
55
Listeria in pregnancy | Mx
amoxi and gent
56
``` Recent trip abroad Presenting symptom = headache Diurnal variation with fever Giemsa stained thick and thin peripheral blood smears = ? ```
Malaria
57
Week 1: diffuse AP, constipation, inflamed Peyer Patches, blanching, truncal maculopapules Week 2: splenomegaly, bradycardia Week 3: pea soup diarrhoea, bowel perf, abdo distension Blood and bone marrow cultures for diagnosis?
Typhoid
58
Fever, facial flushing, myalgia, haemorrhagic manifestations Thrombocytopenia, leucopenia =
dengue

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