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Infectious Disease Flashcards

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1
Q

normal range of body temp

A

97-99.5

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2
Q

irreversible brain damage at this temp

A

106.8

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3
Q

FUO is defined as?

A

temp greater than 101.8 for 3 weeks with no discernible cause

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4
Q

reservoirs of group A B-hemolytic streptococci?

A

only humans

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5
Q

pharyngitis treatment

A

usually self-limted w/i 3/4 days

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6
Q

strept throat, sandpaper rash

A

scarlet fever

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7
Q

sunburn with goose bumps

A

scarlet fever

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8
Q

rash w/ strawberry tongue, rash fades in 2-5 days, fine desquammation

A

scarlet fever

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9
Q

painful macular rash, on face most often, fiery red

A

erysipelas

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10
Q

MC organism for impetigo

A

streptococcus pyoderma

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11
Q

impetigo may also be cause by ?&raquo_space; bullous impetigo

A

staphylococcus

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12
Q

MCC of cellulitis in US

A

group A streptococci

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13
Q

deep sQ infx that results in destruction of fascia and fat

A

necrotizing fasciitis

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14
Q

bacteremia w/ susceptible strains of streptococci following deep soft tissue infx

A

toxic shock syndrome

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15
Q

systemic immune process 15-20 days after exposure to streptococcal pharyngitis

A

acute rheumatic fever

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16
Q

strep- allergy to PCN- treat with?

A

macrolide

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17
Q

initial Sx in botulism

A

visual changes i.e. diplopia, loss of accommodation

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18
Q

spore forming gram positive aerobic rod in sheep, cattle, horses, goats, and swine? transmission?

A

bacillus anthracis; broken skin/mucous membranes/inhalation

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19
Q

organisms with skin lesions that yield box-shaped rods in chains

A

Bacillus anthracis

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20
Q

TOC for anthrax

A

cipro or other FQ

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21
Q

toxin that activates adenylyl cyclase in intestinal epithelial cells of small intestine- hyper secretion of water and Cl

A

Vibrio cholerae

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22
Q

diarrhea - gray, turbid, and W/O odor, blood, or pus

A

vibrio cholerae; rice-water stool

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23
Q

neurotoxin interferes w/ NT at spinal synapses of inhibitory neurons- uncontrolled spasm and exaggerated reflexes

A

tetanus

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24
Q

tetanus toxoid (Ig) w/ vaccine for ?

A

major wounds, uncertain tetanus status

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25
pea soup diarrhea
salmonellosis; self lmtd/supportive tx
26
diarrhea, lower and cramps, tenesmus, fever, chills, stools loose with blood and mucus? tx?
shigellosis; TMP-SMX or cipro/FQ
27
MC form is pharyngeal infection; tenacious gray membrane covers tonsils and pharynx
Diphtheria (Cornybacterium diphtheriae)
28
diphtheria: - ? given to all cases - a/b? - contacts treated with ?
horse serum antitoxin erythro, pcn erythro
29
gram neg PLEOmorphic bacillus; humans are the only reservoir
pertussis
30
pertussis - highest incidence in? - three stages? - TOC?
preemies, cardiac/pulm/NM d/o | catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescent
31
human herpes virus 4
epstein-barr virus
32
EBV - false positive test? - ? a/b appear w/in four weeks - ? lymphocytes
VDRL, RPR heterophile atypical
33
nonenveloped icosahedral virions
HPV
34
HPV - laryngeal warts from serotype? - anogenital warts from serotypes?
11 | 6, 11
35
HPV - hyperplastic prickle cells with excess keratin - koilocytotic or vacuolated squamous epithelial cells
skin warts | cervical warts
36
HSV lies latent in ? | HSV1 predilection for ? HSV2?
dorsal root ganglia | trigeminal nerve, sacral root ganglia
37
recurrence of HSV lesions is heralded by ? or ?
burning, stinging
38
HSV: grouped vesicles on fingers cutaneous infx in wrestlers dendritic corneal ulcers- may lead to blindness
herpetic whitlow herpes gladiatorum keratoconjunctivitis
39
fatty liver with encephalopathy, may develop 2-3w after influenza
Reye syndrome
40
cause of most influenza fatalities
pneumonia
41
varicella virus is especially contagious when?
the day before the rash appears
42
zoster = reactivation of varicella that has been dormant in ?
ganglionic satellite cells
43
zoster- trigeminal eruptions that include tip of nose i.e. ? risk corneal involvement
Hutchinson sign
44
zoster vaccine CI in allergies to ? or ?, IC, preggo, or untreated ?
neomycin, gelatin; tuberculosis
45
? and ? do not transmit rabies
rodents, lagomorphs
46
rabies- painful spasms from drinking water?
hydrophobia
47
muscle spasm, extreme excitability, bizarre behavior, convulsions, paralysis, thick/tenacious saliva
rabies
48
rabies - postexposure immunization? - exposed but already immunized? - preexposure vaccination?
- rabies Ig given IM and human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV) 5 times given IM - HDCV two times - HDCV three times
49
highest prevalence of AIDS?
central and east sub-saharan Africa
50
HIV attaches to ? antigen | ? serve as a reservoir of virus and promote dissemination to other organs
T4 | macrophages
51
HIV time from infection to symptomatic dz averages ?
10 years
52
HIV: fever, malaise, weight loss, ?>> increased metabolic rate and decreased protein synthesis
wasting syndrome
53
AIDS is defined by ? | as ? decreases, viral load increases
CD4 count below 200 | CD4 count
54
HIV infection confirmation?
two ELISA tests confirmed by Western blot
55
human herpes virus type 5, common in IC, HIV, post transplant pts
Cytomegalovirus
56
periventricular CNS calcifications
CMV
57
retinitis- neovascularization and proliferation looks like ? | tissue bx of intracytoplasmic inclusions ?
pizza pie | owl's eyes
58
very low WBC, increase in ALP and multiple low density defects in the liver, spleen, and kidneys? Tx?
hepatosplenic candidiasis; amphotericin B (can switch to fluconazole PO if under control)
59
dimorphic fungus found in soil infested with bird/bat droppings? transmission? tx?
histoplasmosis; inhalation; itraconazole
60
encapsulated budding yeast found in pigeon droppings? | Dx? Tx?
Cryptococcus neoformans; cryptococcal antigen assay (CRAG) in serum/CSF, India Ink; oral fluconazole (for life)
61
? are flask shaped and occur anywhere in the large bowel or terminal ileum
amebic ulcers
62
colitis can be mild, moderate, or severe; localized ulcerative lesions of the colon and localized granulomatous lesions of the colon aka ? result in pain, intestinal obstruction, and hemorrhage ?
ameboma, amebiasis
63
amebiasis- stool specimen reveals ?
cysts or trophozoites
64
amebiasis tx?
metro or tinidazole w/ luminal amebicide
65
prevalent in subtropics, subtropics, humans only host, hypo chromic microcytic anemia and eosinophilia? tx?
hookworm (Necator americanus); iron, vitamins, high protein, mebendazole/albendazole/pyrantel
66
perianal pruritis, eggs caught on cellophane tape over perianal skin? tx?
pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis); mebendazole/albendazole/pyrantel
67
transmission of malaria via?
saliva of Anopheles mosquito
68
malaria- sporozoites invade hepatocytes and mature as ?
tissue schizonts
69
typical malarial attack?
shaking stage (cold stage), fever (Hot stage), diaphoresis (sweating stage)
70
worst type of malaria?
plasmodium falciparum
71
DOC for tx/prophy in malaria?
chloroquine
72
treponema pallidum- spirochete
syphilis
73
loss of proprioception, vibratory sense, Argyll Robertson pupil ... seen in syphilis?
tabes dorsalis
74
syphlis - nontreponemal Ag tests? - treponemal Ag tests?
RPR, VDRL | FTA-ABS (fluorescent treponemal a/b absorption test)
75
syphilis tx?
benzathine PCN G 2.4 million U IM x 1
76
syphilis - sudden massive destruction of spirochetes? give antipyretics during first 24h of treatment
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
77
gram neg intracellular diplococcus
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
78
large group of obligate intracellular parasites? gram stain is negative, tx? preggo?
chlamydia species, azithro/doxyerythro; erythro
79
flagellated protozoan, frothy/yellow-green d/c, strawberry cervix
trichomonas species
80
trichomonas dx? tx?
wet mount reveals motile flagellates; metro 2g x 1
81
lyme dz organism? must feed for more than ? to transmit the spirochete
borrelia burgdorferi; 24-36h
82
lyme dz | -bluish-red discoloration of distal extremities with atrophy seen in europe but not the US?
acrodermatitis chronicum atrophicans
83
lyme dz dx? tx?
ELISA confirmed with Western blot | doxycycline
84
MC in easter US, transmitted by wood tick- dz and org?
rocky mountain spotted fever, Rickettsia rickettsii
85
RMSF- papules/macules/petechiae develop first on ?
wrists and ankles
86
Dx with rise in a/b titer; CSF analysis reveals pleocytosis and hypoglycorrhachia? tx?
RMSF, doxy

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