Infectious Disease

Question 1

Usual pattern of inflammation, observed in infections with extracellular Gram-positiv cocci, and Gram-negative rods (pyogenic organisms).

Answer 1

Suppurative

Question 2

Usual pattern of inflammation observed in chronic infections, and acute viral and intracellular bacteria and parasites.

Answer 2

Mononuclear

Question 3

Usual pattern of inflammation observed in tuberculosis, fungal infections and schistosome eggs; response to infectious agents that are not easily eliminated.

Answer 3

Granulomatous

Question 4

Usual response to viral infections that involves cytopathic changes in cells (inclusion bodies and multinucleated giant cells) or proliferation of host cells.

Answer 4

Cytopathic/Cytoproliferative

Question 5

Usual response to clostridial infections, E. histolytica, HBV in liver, and Herpesviruses in brain.

Answer 5

Tissue necrosis

Question 6

Usually a sequela of chronic inflammation, seen in chronic HBV infection (cirrhosis), and schistosoma (pipestem fibrosis).

Answer 6

Chronic inflammation and scarring

Question 7

Multinucleated giant cells with eosinophilic nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions, seen in measles.

Answer 7

Warthin-Finkeldey cells

Question 8

Pink to purple intranuclear inclusion bodies, seen in Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections.

Answer 8

Cowdry Type A inclusion bodies

Question 9

Infection with Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) produces this kind of lesion.

Answer 9

Intraepithelial vesicles

Question 10

Large, atypical cells with Owl’s eye nuclei are seen in this viral infection.

Answer 10

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Question 11

There are no morphologic hallmarks for this viral infection, but it induces lymphoid cell proliferation (peripheral blood lymphocytosis); associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt lymphoma, and some forms of HL.

Answer 11

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Question 12

Main difference between staphylococcal and streptococcal infections.

Answer 12

More extensive tissue destruction in staphylococci

Question 13

Suppuration with grayish pseudomembrane formation, is seen in what bacterial infection? Clue: Chinese characters appearance of organism

Answer 13

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 14

Gram-positive intracellular bacilli in CSF are diagnostic of what bacterial infection? Clue: diagnosis is granulomatosis infantiseptica.

Answer 14

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 15

Suppuration with tissue necrosis and hemorrhagic lesions are diagnostic of what bacterial infection?

Answer 15

Bacillus anthracis

Question 16

Gram-negative intracellular diplococci are diagnostic of what bacterial infection?

Answer 16

Neisseria gonorrheae

Question 17

Fleur-de-lis pattern of necrotizing pneumonia and perivascular infiltration of organisms producing a perivascular blue haze?

Answer 17

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 18

Buboes, pneumonia and neutrophilic sepsis are clinical forms of what bacterial infection?

Answer 18

Yersinia pestis

Question 19

Myobacterial infection that causes disseminated disease in patients with profound immunodeficiency (AIDS and transplant patients); histologically, there is no granuloma formation; rather, macrophages with AFB are seen, due to profound loss of CMI.

Answer 19

Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)

Question 20

Form of leprosy associated with asymmetric peripheral nerve involvement; formation of granulomas, and positive lepromin skin test, due to an intact cell-mediated immunity.

Answer 20

Tuberculous (paucibacillary) leprosy

Question 21

Form of leprosy associated with symmetric peripheral nerve involvement; formation of lipid-laden macrophages (lepra cells) with globi (AFB), and a negative lepromin skin test, due to a depressed cell-mediated immunity.

Answer 21

Lepromatous (multibacillary) leprosy

Question 22

Lesion in syphilis characterized by central coagulation necrosis, rimmed by palisading macrophages, and fibroblasts, plasma cell-rich infiltrate, and few organisms.

Answer 22

Syphilitic gumma

Question 23

Characteristic lesion in syphilitic aortitis.

Answer 23

Obliterative endarteritis of the vasa vasorum

Question 24

Forms of neurosyphilis.

Answer 24

Meningovascular, Paretic, and Tabes dorsalis

Question 25

Myonecrosis with gas bubble formation is caused by Clostridium perfringens. What enzyme is responsible for the tissue necrosis?

Answer 25

a-toxin (lecithinase)

Question 26

Pseudomembranous colitis, characterized by mucopurulent exudate reminiscent of a volcano, is associated with C. difficile. What are the toxins elaborated by this organism?

Answer 26

Toxin A: chemokine Toxin B: cytotoxin

Question 27

Most common sexually transmitted bacterial disease in the world.

Answer 27

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 28

Main difference between gonococcal and chlamydial urethritis.

Answer 28

Absence of organisms in chlamydial urethritis

Question 29

Gray-white, dirty-looking pseudomembrane, with underlying mucosal hyperemia and inflammation, is characteristic of what fungal infection?

Answer 29

Candidiasis

Question 30

Infection with this fungus produces granulomas in immunocompetent hosts, and soap-bubble lesions in CNS, in immunocompromised hosts.

Answer 30

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 31

Fungus with septate hyphae, branching at acute angles (40 deg).

Answer 31

Aspergillus

Question 32

Non-septate hyphae, branching at right angles.

Answer 32

Mucor

Question 33

Causative agent of malaria, diagnosis depends on demonstration of asexual stages WITH hemozoin pigment.

Answer 33

Plasmodium

Question 34

Causative agent of babesiosis; diagnosis depends on demonstration of parasites in peripheral blood WITHOUT hemozoin, with the characteristic Maltese cross pattern.

Answer 34

Babesia

Question 35

Etiologic agent of a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies; has cutaneous and visceral forms; parasites in macrophages are characteristic.

Answer 35

Leishmania sp.

Question 36

Etiologic agent of a parasitic disease transmitted by Glossina sp. (Tse-Tse fly); has hemolymphatic and cerebral phases; diagnosis relies on demonstration of trypanosomes on blood smears.

Answer 36

Trypanosoma brucei

Question 37

Trypanosome related disease transmitted by Triatoma sp. (reduviid bug), primarily affects skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle (heart, esophagus and colon).

Answer 37

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)