1. What is the first vaccine given to children? 2. When is it given by?

1. Heb B 2. Within 2 weeks of birth

Infectious Disease and Immunizations Flashcards by Simon L

Which immunity is considered long-lasting?
Which immunity provide temporary protection that wanes with time?

Active
Passive

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Which immunity is transferred from another human or animal?

Passive or active

Passive

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Which type of immunity is due to natural infection or vaccination?

Passive or Active

Active

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Why is immune globulin given?

which type of immunity does this fall under?

given to children that cannot get vaccines due to being immunocomprosed

Passive

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What are the guidelines for administring multiple live vaccines?

Must be given at the same time
**or 28 days apart **from each other

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What are the three classifications of vaccines?

Live attenuated
Inactivated
Recombinant vaccines

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Which classification of vaccine requires multiple doses?

Inactivated

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Which classification of vaccine is produced by genetic engineering?

What are two examples of?

Recombinant vaccines

HPV and Heb B

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Which vaccine classification usually only requires one dose and a modification of a disease producing virus or bacteria?

Live attenuated

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Which classification of vaccine contains a weakened virus/bacteria that retains its ability to replicate?

Live attenuated

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What type of general contraindication is given for vaccines that cause a moderate or severe acute illness w/ or w/o fever?

Precaution

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What type of general contraindication is given for all vaccines that cause a severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis)?

Permanent

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True or False

There are no specific contraindications for certain vaccines

False

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a set of rules and procedures that ensure the proper storage and distribution of vaccines is referred to as?

Cold chain

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What six things should you document when administering a vaccine?

Vaccine manufacturer
Lot number
Injection site
Date of administration
Vaccine Information Statement
Name & Title of person administrating vaccine

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What is the first vaccine given to children?
When is it given by?

Heb B
Within 2 weeks of birth

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Which age do you follow to vaccinate premature infants?

Preterm infants should receive the full dose at the appropriate chronologic age.

The age from his actual birth is his chronological age

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True or False

Vaccines in a series cannot be given sooner than indicated.

True

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What is the mercury-containing compound found in trace amounts in some vaccines?

misconceived to be a link to autism

Thimerosal

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When should vaccines be drawn into syringes?

Immediately prior to administration

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Name three (non-pharmalogical) pain control methods for pediatrics

Distraction
Child on parent’s lap
Ice to numb

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True or False

Vaccines can be mixed in the same syringe unless contraindicated by the FDA

False

FDA informs which vaccines can be mixed together; not contraindicated

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What angle should IM injection be given at?

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What angle should SubQ be injected at?

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Which area is recommened for IM injection in infants < 1?

anterolateral **thigh** muscle

Which area is recommended for IM injection in children (> 1) ?

Thickest portion of **deltoid** | avoid the acromion processs

Where is the injection site for SubQ after 1 year of age?

Tricep

1. The nurse should pinch up the skin for what type of injection? 2. Which injection is spreading of the skin indicated?

1. SubQ 2. IM

Which stage of infectious disease is characterized by vague (*non-specfic*) symptoms?

Prodromal (Catarrhal)

Which stage of infectious disease is the disease most contagious to others?

Prodromal (Catarrhal) | commonly URI (rhinorrhea, sneezing, cough), low grade fever,

Which stage of infectious disease are the S&S most severe and distinct symptoms appear?

Constitutional (Paroxysmal) stage

What type of precaution would pertussis whooping cough be?

Contact, Droplet, and indirect contact w/ contaminated objects

What are the two permanent contraindications for DTap?

1. Allergic reactions (*Anaphylaxis*) 2. **Brain of nervous system disease (*seizures occur within 7 days*)**

What vaccine is given preventively for pertussis?

DTap | Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis

What should expectant mothers be notified regarding DTap?

should receive DTap **during each pregnancy** | preferably at 27 through 36 weeks.

How is Pertussis Whooping Cough diagnosed?

Nasopharyngeal swab or aspirate | PCR test

* What is the greatest complication with pertussis whooping cough? * Which stage would it occur during?

* Pneumonia * Stage 3 Convalescent Stage (2-3 weeks)

What is responsible for causing shingles later in life?

**Varicella** remaining latent in dorsal root ganglia

How is varicella spread? | chicken pox

1. Direct contact 2. Droplet 3. Contact w/ contaminated objects

When does a person with varicella begin and stop being contagious? | chicken pox

* 1-2 days before rash * Contagion ceases when all lesions have crusted over | incubation period of varicella zoster is about 2-3 weeks

How is varicella diagnosed?

1. Physical assessment 2. PCR

What medication is contraindicated during varicella? | Why?

Aspirin | Risk for Reye's syndrome

What are the complications with varicella?

Secondary infections via lesions/skin

When is the varicella vaccine permanently contraindicated?

Life threatening reactions to: 1. previous varicella vaccine 2. Gelatin 3. Neomycin | Not including rash, hives, etc

When are live vaccines temporarily contraindicated?

1. Pregnant women* 2. Immunocompromised (*HIV, Cancer treatment*) 3. Steroid regimen (wait 3 months) 4. Blood transfusion (wait 3 months) | *month before pregnancy and month after confirmation of pregnancy

Which two patient populations need to be monitored closely when exposed to fifth disease? | (Erythema Infectious)

1. Pregnant women* 2. Patients w/ sickle cell anemia | *risk for fetal demise

How is fifth's disease transmitted?

1. Respiratory secretions 2. Blood

What are Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs used to assess for?

Bacterial Meningitis

What is a positive Kernig's sign?

**K**nee **E**xtension pain | **KE**rnig sig

What is a positive Brudzinski sign

Neck Flexion causes Knee Flexion

Which pathogen causes the most severe form of meningitis?

Neisseria meningitidis

# Which the of the following causes meningitis in **newborns**? 1. Streptococcus pneumoniae 2. Neisseria meningitidis 3. Haemophilus influenzae 4. Streptococcus Group B 5. Listeria Monocytogenes 6. E. Coli

1. Strep Group B 2. E. Coli 3. Listeria Monocytogenes

# Which the of the following causes meningitis in **infants/children**? 1. Streptococcus pneumoniae 2. Neisseria meningitidis 3. Haemophilus influenzae 4. Streptococcus Group B 5. Listeria Monocytogenes 6. E. Coli

1. Strep Group B 2. Streptococcus pneumoniae 3. Neisseria meningitidis 4. Haemophilus influenzae

# Which the of the following causes meningitis in Adolescents ? 1. Streptococcus pneumoniae 2. Neisseria meningitidis 3. Haemophilus influenzae 4. Streptococcus Group B 5. Listeria Monocytogenes 6. E. Coli

1. Streptococcus pneumoniae 2. Neisseria meningitidis

# Which the of the following **DO NOT** causes meningitis in Older adults 1. Streptococcus pneumoniae 2. Neisseria meningitidis 3. Haemophilus influenzae 4. Streptococcus Group B 5. Listeria Monocytogenes 6. E. Coli

E. Coli

How is bacterial meningitis diagnosed?

1. **Blood cultures** 2. **Cerebral spinal fluid** via spinal tap

# Which of the following **do not** have vaccines * Pertussis whooping cough * Varicella * Fifth Disease * Measles (rubeola) * Infectious mononucleosis (epstein-barr) * Bacterial meningitis

* Fifth disease * Infectious mononucleosis

What are the three live vaccines discussed?

1. Varicella 2. MMR 3. Rotavirus

Which two vaccines have a permanent contraindication for **yeast** allergy?

1. Hep B 2. HPV* | Human Papillomavirus

# acronym for what? VAERS

Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) | co-sponsored by the CDC and FDA

What can hepatitis B cause if unvaccinated?

Cirrhosis* or liver cancer | *Chronic liver damage leading to scarring and liver failure.*

Which vaccine prevents you from donating blood for 28 days?

**Hep B vaccine** (*may test positive for HBsAg and become permanently disqualified as blood donors*.)

Which vaccine should be given to by 18 years of age

Hep B vaccine

1. Which vaccine is given orally? 2. How many doses are given?

1. Rotavirus vaccine 2. two-three doses depending on brand | (1st dose: 2 mo/ 2nd dose 4 mo/ 3rd dose 6 mo)

Which vaccine is permanetly contraindicated if allergy to latex, previous case of intussusception, or immunosuppressant?

Rotavirus vaccine | Additionally: other live vaccine contraindications

What is the most common STD? | sexually transmitted disease

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

What can cause cervical, oral, vaginal, anal, and penile cancer?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

* Brief fainting spells and jerking movements has been associated w/ which vaccine? * What is the recommendation for this?

* HPV vaccine * Wait in the office for 15 mins after administration | Human Papillomavirus

What are the recommended ages for the HPV vaccine? | Human Papillomavirus

* Famales through 26 * Men through 21

What is the only approved HPV vaccine in the U.S.?

Gardasil 9

What are the three vaccines contraindicated during pregnancy?

1. MMR 2. Varicella 3. HPV

Which age is approved for Flu shot?

People older than 6 months

How does **varicella** rash change over time? | Centripetal (starts at chest then outward)

**Macular** (flat) → **papular** (red bumps) → **vesicular** (fluid filled) → **crusting**

What are the 3 stages of rash for Fifths Disease (Ertyhema Infectiosum)

1. "Slapped cheeks" 2. 1 day later, “lacy” maculopapular **rash on extremities** 3. Rash subsides* | Polyarthropathy Syndrome (joint pain) starts

Which disease is caused by parvovirus B19?

Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectious)

Koplik spots are associated w/ which disease? | small, white spots on the mouth

Measles (*Rubeola*)

What is the triad of mono? | 3 most common symptoms of mono along w/ exhaustion

1. Sore throat 2. Fever 3. General lymphadenopathy* | *Swollen lymph nodes

How is infectious mononucleosis transmitted?

1. Oral secretions 2. Blood transfusion/transplantation

Mengingitis photophobia is a clinical manifestation in infants or children/adolescence? | eye discomfort in bright lights

Children and Adolescents

The nurse knows which signs or symptoms of measels (*rubeola*) are exhibited before the appearance of the rash?

1. Coryza (common cold) 2. Cough 3. Conjunctivitis | Rmb: 3 C's of Measles (Rubeola)

Infectious Disease and Immunizations Flashcards

(80 cards)