Infectious Disease and PPE

Question 1

what three items are considered the body’s first line defense?

Answer 1

skin, conjunctiva, and mucus membranes

Question 2

what are the body’s two second line defenses?

Answer 2

innate immunity (phagocytes, NK, complement) and inflammation

Question 3

what are the body’s three third line defenses?

Answer 3

B, T, and Ab

Question 4

Rough frequency of HAI

Answer 4

1 in 31

Question 5

what can be the earliest sign of acute infxn in the older population, why?

Answer 5

confusion/lethargy due to impaired thermoregulation, NSAIDs, corticosteroids

Question 6

define immunocompromised

Answer 6

immune sys INCAPABLE of mounting a normal response

Question 7

define immunodeficient

Answer 7

decreased/compromised immune response

Question 8

what causes immunosuppression

Answer 8

drugs and radiation

Question 9

what are the six points along the chain of infection

Answer 9

1. infectious agent 2. reservoir 3. exit portal 4. transmission 5. entry portal 6. susceptible host

Question 10

which of the following is not considered a standard transmission medium: blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, sweat, nonintact skin, mucous membranes

Answer 10

sweat

Question 11

describe the four step donning procedure

Answer 11

1. gown 2. mask 3. shield/goggles 4. gloves

Question 12

what pathogens require airborne precautions? (4)

Answer 12

measles, varicella, TB, covid aerosolizing procedure

Question 13

t/f: a patient under airborne precautions must remain in their room for treatment

Answer 13

F: they can be transported out of the room with a mask, although treating in the room is much safer for everyone

Question 14

what pathogens require droplet precautions? (7)

Answer 14

dipht, mycoplasma pneumonia, pertussis, influenza, mumps, rubella, covid non aerosol or PUI

Question 15

what is standard PPE for airborne precautions?

Answer 15

N95 or greater, pt is in a private room, door closed, with negative pressure, pt wears a mask out of the room

Question 16

what is standard PPE for droplet?

Answer 16

mask when working within 3 ft and pt wears a mask out of the room

Question 17

what pathogens require contact precautions (4) (enteric precautions?(2))

Answer 17

MRSA, VRE, ESBL, Hep A c diff and noro

Question 18

what is standard PPE for contact precautions

Answer 18

gown and gloves before entering room

Question 19

what common pathology can reverse isolate?

Answer 19

MRSA patients can be taken out of the room if under contact precautions

Question 20

T/F: c diff or noro patients can be treated outside of their room

Answer 20

False, enteric precaution patients must remain in their room

Question 21

What is the timeframe after receiving chemo to consider chemo precautions?

Answer 21

within 48 hours of treatment

Question 22

what is proper PPE when handling body fluids of a chemo patient?

Answer 22

double glove and gown

Question 23

soiled chemo items should be placed where?

Answer 23

in the yellow bin

Question 24

How does toileting a chemo patient differ from other patients?

Answer 24

ultrasorb facedown over the toilet and flush twice

Question 25

what are three considerations for neutropenic patients?

Answer 25

1. no fresh produce/flowers 2. the patient must wear a mask outside of their room 3. the door to their room must remain shut

Question 26

what are five microbiological sources to dx infection disease?

Answer 26

1. sputum 2. urine 3. feces 4. wounds 5. CSF

Question 27

whats a thoracocentesis

Answer 27

body fluid analysis from the pleural space

Question 28

what a pericardiocentesis

Answer 28

body fluid taken from the pericardium aka pericardial effusion

Question 29

whats a paracentesis

Answer 29

body fluid analysis taken from the abdomen

Question 30

how does MRSA transmit

Answer 30

person to person contact or person-object-person contact

Question 31

what are RFs for HA-MRSA (4)

Answer 31

1. current/recent hospitalization 2. LTC resident 3. invasive devices 4. recent fluoroquinolones or csporins

Question 32

what are RFs for CA-MRSA (6)

Answer 32

1. young age 2. contact sports 3. sharing towels/equipment 4. weakened immune system 5. squalor 6. contact with HC workers

Question 33

what are sxs of MRSA

Answer 33

small red bumps that resemble pimples/boils/spider bites ---\> deep painful abscess that requires surgical draining

Question 34

What is VRE resistant to and where is the bacteria normally found?

Answer 34

vancomycin and ampicillin - GI tract and female repro tract