Infectious disease buzz words Flashcards
PANCE (298 cards)
1
Q
Common illnesses d/t H. influenza
A
1 epiglottitis, #2 CAP, sinusitis and otitis media
2
Q
Coxsackie A sxs
A
Hand/foot/mouth and aspetic meningitis
3
Q
Tx of H. influenza
A
Beta lactams (amoxicilin); Epiglotitis/CAP/Meningitis tx = ceftriaxone (prophylaxis for close contacts with rifampin)
4
Q
rabies prodrome
A
pain and parasthesia at initial bite site
5
Q
Tx for cryptococcus
A
fluconazole if CD4 < 50 (aids defining illness)
6
Q
oral hairy leukoplakia MC in…
A
HIV/immunocompromised pts
7
Q
MCC of pericarditis
A
Coxsackie virus
8
Q
Bird/bat droppings near cave
A
Histoplasmosis capsulatum
9
Q
cat scratch disease organism
A
bartonella henselae
10
Q
Kawasaki MC in which age group
A
kids<5yo
11
Q
tx of small pox
A
supportive; isolation and vaccine for close contacts
12
Q
Vector for Brucellosis
A
Farm animals (goats, cows, sheep) Also, ingestion of unpasteurized milk/cheese
13
Q
common clinical manifestations of MAC
A
- Pulmonary infxn in immunocompetent (bronchiectasis), 2. Disseminated (in HIV pts), 3. Lymphadenitis in kids (cervical, submandibular and maxillary)
14
Q
break bone fever
A
Dengue fever
15
Q
Dx for osteomylitis
A
MRI is most sensative early, bone bx is gold standard. X-ray shows periosteal reaction
16
Q
Adult presentation of rubella
A
arthritis and lymphadenopathy
17
Q
coronavirus causes
A
atypical pneumonia
18
Q
bubonic plague organism
A
Yersinia pestis
19
Q
TX of rubella
A
NONE!!! MMR vaccine available (given after delivery if prego, HIV pts if CD4 >200)
20
Q
5th dz complications in pts with sickle cell dz
A
aplastic crisis
21
Q
common manifestions of chagas
A
acute (3wks-3mo) - asymptomatic or unilateral periorbital edema
Latent - cardiomyopathy, CHF, megacolon and megaesophagus
22
Q
common manifestations of Leprosy
A
skin lesions with poorly defined boarders (coolest parts of the body, ie face, ears, wrists), loss of eyebrows/eyelashes, facial deformities and symmetric nerve involvement (stocking glove neuropathy)
23
Q
Tx of Q fever
A
doxycycline (typically self limiting)
24
Q
well-demarcated margins of cellulitis
A
erysipelas (MCC strep)
25
MCC gas gangrene
clostridium perfringens
26
Common sites of involvement for mycobacterium leprae
SF tissues (skin and peripheral nerves)
27
Complications of mumps
orchitis (unilateral), oophoritis, encephalitis and aseptic meningitis
28
smallpox sxs
flu like prodrome with severe head/back pain --> skin eruptions in the same stage simulataneously (palmar and plantar lesions common)
29
Hanatavirus MC in which location
SW united states (young healthy adults)
30
Rabies Resp phase
resp muscle paralysis --> death
31
bunon-pitting edema with sharp irregular margins extending peripherally BUT clearing centrally; limited to hands/fingers/webspaces
erysipeloid (erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae)
32
Rubella
German Measles
33
Head --> toe flaccid paralysis
botulism
34
Coxsackie B sxs
Dilated cardiomyopathy and MCC of pericarditis and pleurodynia
35
EBV is part of which family
Herpes (HHV 4)
36
post-exposure prophylaxis for subsequent rabies exposures
HDCV (Rabies vaccine) days 0 and 3
37
zoster vaccine given to
adults >60yo or if CD4 >200
38
MC locations for chagas
latin america and texas
39
Romana's sign
unilateral periorbital swelling (seen in chagas dz)
40
Tx of Karposi sarcoma
HAART therapy (radiation prn)
41
what traits are protective against malaria
sickle cell dz and thalassemia traits
42
phases of rabies
prodrome, CNS phase and resp phase
43
Tx of gas gangrene
Penicillin
44
vector for lyme dz
ixodes deer tick, MC in northeast
45
Kernig sign
hip/knee bent 90 and painful knee extension
46
Hantavirus causes
hemorrhagic fever
47
Tx of toxoplasmosis
sulfadiazene + pyrimethamine (spiramycin if prego)
| Prophylaxis give bactrim
48
MC sx of pinworm (enterobiasis)
nocturnal anal itching
49
Tx of dengue fever
volume support, pressors and TYLENOL (NOT NSAIDS) - reduce the bleeds
50
Dx of babesiosis
parasites within the RBC (pathognomonic tetrads)
51
most dangerous form of malaria
Falciparum
52
MCC of infectious blindness
chlamydia
53
Pain out of proportion
1. nec fasc 2. intestinal ischemia 3. compartment syndrome
54
CI for smallpox vaccine
eczema, dermatitis and burns
55
Tzank smear showing multinucleated giant cells
HSV
56
Common sxs of mono (EBV)
fever, sore throat, POSTERIOR cervical lymphadenopathy, malaise, splenomegaly
57
primary herpes infxn in adults
acute herpetic pharyngotonsillitis
58
Tx of Aspergillus
Allergic bronchopulm = tapered steroids, chest PT and Itraconazole; Severe sinusitis = Voriconazole + high dose steroids; aspergilloma = surgical resection if symptomatic (nothing if asyptomatic)
59
west nile virus caused by....
flavavirus
60
Tx of EBV
supportive; avoid trauma X 1 month to avoid splenic rupture
61
Dx of chagas
cardiac echo showing cardiomegaly with apical atrophy/aneurysm
62
non-painful white plaque along lateral tongue or buccal mucosa. CANNOT be scraped off.
oral hairy leukoplakia
63
Tx of botulism
Botulinum IG and resp support
64
MCC of pharyngitis
viral
65
MCC of encephalitis in US
HSV
66
Coxsackie infxn most common in which season
summer
67
brudzinski
neck flexion causes involuntary flexing of the hip/knee
68
Litseria tx
IV ampicillin + gent
69
Jones criteria
Rheumatic fever (GAS) - 1. Joints 2. Carditis 3. nodules 4. erythema marginatum 5. sydenham chorea
70
cause of rocky mountain spotted fever (RMSF)
rickettsia rickettsii
71
MC bacterial cause of pharyngitis
GABHS
72
Q fever organism
coxiella burnetti (sheep, goat, cattle feces contain the spores)
73
Bacillus anthracis commonly found in
animal wool/fur (sheep, goat, horse, swine)
74
Tx of tetanus
1. intubate prn 2. tetanus IG 3. Diazepam 4. Debride 5. flagyl or Pen G prn 6. BB prn
Prophylaxis: Td vaccine q 10 years, IG if never vaccinated
75
Tx for candidiasis
antifungals
76
pathophys of trichinosis
larvae cyst grow/replicate in the duodenum/jejunum. Adults excreted in stool and larva penetrate the intestinal wall and ENCAPSULATE IN STRIATED MUSCLE TISSUE
77
Tx of 5th dz
supportive
78
Congenital Varicella syndrome (TORCH vertical transmission)
develops during 1st and 2nd trimester; Limb hypoplasia, scarring, and blindness
79
TX of cat scratch disease
self limiting (amox or doxy prn severe)
80
Tx of SARS
aggresive supportive
81
dx of leprosy
skin bx and AFB
82
Q fever sxs
ACUTE - MC pneumonia (flu-like illness). HA, fever, hepatitis.
CHRONIC - endocarditis
83
Tx of yersinia pestis infxn
streptomycin (aminoglycosides) + tetracyclin
(killed vaccine available)
Tetracycline used for post exposure prophylaxis
84
Tx of Pertussis
Erythromycin (macrolids) - does not alter course of disease, but decreases contagiousness. (alt - bactrim)
Prophylaxis for close contacts REGARDLESS of age or immunization status (macrolide).
Tdap booster for everyone!
85
Chicken pox begin on...
face and trunk --> extremities
86
Common HIV opportunistics infxns at CD4 <200
PCP, histoplasmosis
87
Tx of coccidiodes
Most are self limiting. CNS spread tx with Fluconazole (amp B if severe CNS dz)
88
Tx of syphilis
```
Pen G (desensatize if allergic)
**Jarisch-Herscheimer reaction once tx starts (fever/chills while spirochetes are dying d/t tx)**
```
89
Tx of erysipeloid (erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae)
Pencillin G, cephalosporin or clinda
90
what is malaria
RBC dz caused by Plasmodium (falciparum, vivax, ovale, and malariae);
1. infects RBC 2. RBC lysis 3. cyclical fever
91
Rubeolla
Measles
92
brown watery exudates with crepitus to palpation
gas gangrene
93
Dx of trichinosis
Eosinophilia is hallmark
(triad: periorbital edema, myositis and eosinophilia)
Definitive dx: muscle bx
94
Dx of gas gangrene
air in tissues seen on x-ray
95
sxs of anthrax
MC - cutaneous (painless black eschar with surrounding edema and vesicles).
inhalation (flu-like sxs, mediastinum widening on CXR d/t to hemorrhagic lymphadenitis
96
4 C's of Rubeola (Measles)
Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis and Koplik spots (small red spots in buccal mucosa with blue/white pale center)
97
MCC of nec fasc
GAS
98
violacious lesions on nose, extremities, and mucous membranes d/t proliferation of vasculature
Karposi sarcoma
99
Tx of chlamydia
oral azithromycin 1gm (alt doxy); oral NOT topical for neonate conjunctivitis
100
sxs of Creutzfeldt-jakob dz
rapid progression in dementia, gait issues, and myoclonus when startled
101
Dx of syphilis
RPR, if + confirm with FTA Ab testing (false positive for autoimmune conditions)
102
EBV infects B cells, increasing risk of...
Hodgkins Lymphoma (Reed-Sternberg/owl eyes), Non-hodgkins lymphoma (burkitts lymphoma - large jaw lesions/swelling), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (MC in asians) and oral hairy leukoplakia (in HIV pts)
103
Tx of nec fasc
surgical debridement and broad abx (zosyn, unasyn)
104
Leading cause of CHF in Latin America
Chagas dz
105
organism responsible for "fish tank granulomas" seen in marine workers or fisherman
mycobacterium marinum
106
blue, hemorrhagic bullae
nec fasc
107
painful genital lesion + painful inguinal LAD
Chancroid (d/t haemophilus ducreyi)
108
Virus that causes 5th dz
parvovirus B-19
109
Tx of kawasaki
IVIG + high dose ASA
110
Definition of acanthamoeba keratitis
minor ocular trauma, usually seen with swimming with contacts lens that become infected
111
Tx of CMV
gancyclovir
112
vesicles in different healing stages
chicken pox
113
Tx of RMSF
doxycycline (even for young children)
114
MCC of osteomylitis
Staph aureus
115
Parasite for chagas dz
trypanosoma cruzi
116
MCC of sensorineural hearing loss
congenital CMV (TORCH)
117
Common HIV opportunistics infxns at CD4 <50
MAC and CMV
118
rabid animals observed for how many days?
7-10
119
Tx of GAS
Penicillin G or VK (alt macrolides)
120
Tx of mumps
supportive, anti-inflammatories; pts are HIGHLY contagious for 9 days
121
Tx of chancroid
azithromycin 1g X 1 (alt ceftriaxone)
122
virus that causes smallpox
orthopox virus
123
Complications of Measles
Pneumonia
124
Hantavirus vector
rodents (deer mouse)
125
parasite for enterobiasis (pinworm)
enterobius vermicularis
126
small deep ulcers seen on EGD
HSV esophagitis (immunocompromised pts)
127
Dx of Cryptococcus
Antigen seen in CSF (India Ink stain)
128
outdoor activities near decaying wood soils and near waterways (great lakes)
Blastomycosis (blastomyces dermatitidis)
129
Tx of diphtheria
1. diphtheria antitoxin + erythromycin (or penicillin) X 2 weeks
2. prophylaxis tx for close contacts: erythromycin
3. prevention: dtap (2,4,6 and 15 months, booster at age 4-6yo)
130
common diphtheria sxs
pseudomembranes, bulls neck (cervical lymphadenopathy), myocarditis (blocks/arrhythmias) and neuropathy (posterior pharynx)
131
EBV remains latent in the
B cells
132
Dx of toxoplasmosis
ring-enhancing lesions on head CT
133
Labs for Reactive arthritis (reiter's syndrome)
+HLA-B27 (+chalmydia?)
134
5th dz complications during pregnancy (1st and 2nd trimesters)
increased fetal loss due to hydrops fetalis (CHF and edema)
135
Tx of babesiosis
Atovaquone and Azithromycin (OR clinda and Quinine)
136
Sxs of Tularemia
Fever, HA, nausea --> single papule at site of inoculation (typically the hand/arm)
137
Stages of lyme dz
Early - erythema migrans (central bullseye) and flu like sxs
Early disseminated - AV heart block and bell's palsy (CN VII)
Late - migratory arthritis and encephalopathy
138
HHV 8
karposi sarcoma
139
MCC sxs of CMV (cytomegalovirus)
80-90% asymptomatic
140
stages of african sleeping sickness
early: painless chancre at bite site.
late: persistent HA, daytime sleepiness with nighttime insomnia
141
MCC of impetigo
GAS or Staph Aureus
142
2 main complications of GAS if untreated
Rheumatic fever and Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
143
Tx of chagas
nifurtimox X 3-4mo
144
sticato cough in neonate
chlamydia pneumonia
145
dx of rabies
negri bodies in brain of dead animal (hippocampus)
146
rashes that involve the palms/soles
coxsackie, RMSF, secondary syphilis, kawasaki, measles, TSS, Reactive arthritis and janeway lesions
147
Sxs of dengue fever
Biphasic fever, break bone pain, HA, flushed skin and hemorrhage (Touniquet test)
148
Flavivirus causes
Dengue fever, yellow fever, west nile and hep C
149
fifth dz, also known as...
erythema infectiosum
150
Reservoir for Tularemia
Rabbits (francisella tularensis)
151
rash presentation for RMSF
fever/chills/HA --> rash on wrist/ankles that spreads CENTRALLY. Face is spared.
152
Common ADEs of NRTIs
bone marrow suppression (Zidovudine), agranulocytosis, anemia, peripheral neuropathy, pancreatitis, lactic acidosis, rash (Abacavir)
153
Primary herpes infxn in kids
acute herpetic gingivostamatitis (vesicles in mouth, tongue and lips)
154
ramsay-hunt syndrome
varicella zoster oticus - otalgia, lesions on ear, auditory canal and TM, facial palsy
155
Dx of RMSF
clinical, do NOT delay treatment (can lead to coma, encephalopathy and organ failure)
156
Def of kawasaki
medium and small vessel vasculitis
157
Tx of impetigo
topical mupirocin
158
maculpapular rash develops in mono infxn if...
Amoxicillin taken (mistaken for Strep throat)
159
The "3 day rash"
Rubella
160
Leishmaniasis caused by...
female sandfly (common in mediterranean, central/south america, africa and asia)
161
hutchinson sign
heralding lesion on nose prior to zoster ocular involvement
162
Dx of aspergillus fungus
dusky, necrotic tissue on bx and seen in tissues
163
complications of Varicella zoster
Adults - pneumonia; immunocompromised - encephalitis
164
Tx of Histoplasmosis
Itraconazole (mild-mod); Amp B (severe); Prophylaxis if CD4 < 200 (Itraconazole)
165
Tx of pasteurella
augmentin (alt doxy)
166
Listeria associated with
premature labor, stillbirth and 3rd MCC of meningitis in infants <2mo
167
Tx of lyme dz
doxycycline, amoxicillin if <8yo X 2-3 weeks; IV ceftriaxone if severe/late stages
168
MC ogranism from dog/cat bite
pasteurella
169
The great imitator
syphilis
170
mad cow dz
Creutzfeldt-jakob dz
171
MC site of involvement for blastomycosis
Lungs (flu like sxs); MC dissemination into lungs, skin, bones (ribs/vertebral) and GU system
172
pinworm infection MC in which age group
school-aged kids
173
Grows in soil near desert/southwest/mexico regions
Coccidiodes (valley fever)
174
congenital syphilis causes...
hutchinson teeth (notches in teeth), saber shins, saddle-nose deformity and DEAFNESS (TORCH)
175
Travel to mississippi or Ohio river
Histoplasmosis capsulatum
176
slap cheek and lacy reticular rash
5th dz
177
MCC of cellulitis
Staph aureus and GAS
178
Tx of malaria
Chloroquine and quinidine (atovaquone with doxy if drug resistent)
179
MCC of septic arthritis
Staph aureus; Gonorrhea in young sexually active
180
Aspergillosis found in
garden and houseplant soils
181
Tx of coxsackie
supportive
182
Spirochet that causes syphilis
treponema pallidum
183
friable gray/white membrane on pharynx
diphtheria (corynebacterium diphtheriae)
184
MCC meningitis in college students
neisseria meningitidis
185
MCC epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenza
186
smallest DNA virus
parvovirus B-19
187
Common HIV opportunistics infxns at CD4 <500
Thrush, Kaposi Sarcoma, TB, Zoster
188
congenital CMV sxs
sensorineural hearing loss, blueberry muffin rash (TTP), mental retardation (MCC) and seizures
189
TX of brucellosis
doxy + rifampine
190
Reservoir for west nile
birds, MC in late summer or early fall
191
common NRTIs
Zidovudine, Emtricitabine, Abacavir, Lamivudine, Didanosine, Zalcitabine, Stavudine and Tenofivir
192
Post-exposure prophylaxis for 1st episode of rabies
HDCV (rabies vaccine) days 0, 3, 7 and 14 + rabies IG (within 6d of bite/exposure).
If immunecompromised, include day 28 in the HDCV vaccine schedule.
193
common valley fever sxs
fever, arthralgia, erythema nodosum/multiforme
194
MC sxs of bubonic plague
swollen and painful nodes (bubo) found in the groin/axilla/cervical regions
195
Animals that commonly transmit rabies
BATS (#1), raccoons, skunks, foxes, wolves, and DOGS
196
Dx of pinworm
scotch tape test
197
zoster ophthalmicus involved which CN
1st division of CN 5
198
sandpaper rash and strawberry tongue
scarlet fever (from GAS)
199
common infectious dz associated with arthropathy
erythema infectiosum (older adults), rubella, and coccidiodomycosis
200
Tx of anthrax
cipro (tx and exposure) (alt doxy +rifampin)
201
invasive chronic sinusitis
acute invasive aspergillius
202
cause of lyme dz
borrelia burgdorferi
203
Tx of amebiasis
Flagyl
204
rabies CNS phase
encephalitis, hydrophobia (painful laryngospasm with liquids), aerophobia and foaming at the mouth
205
cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
coronavirus
206
Whooping cough organism
Bordetella pertussis
| "100 day cough"
207
MCC of urethritis/prostatitis/orchitis
<30 = gonorrhea
208
sxs of leishmaniasis
papules, plaques and ulcerations that continue to develop weeks-months after bite
209
childhood Rubella presentation
postaricular and occipital lymphadenopathy, maculopapular rash starting on face spreading inferiorly (3d)
210
Manifestations of Babesiosis
hemolytic anemia and jaundice
211
Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree
Reactive arthritis
212
blocks release of Acetylcholinesterase --> sustained contraction
tetanus
213
High fever X 3-5d --> rose pink blanchable rash STARTS ON TRUNK and spreads to face
Roseola
214
Common NNRTIs
Efavirenz, Delaviridine, Etravirine, Nevirapine, Rilpivirine
215
Common PIs
AtazaNAVIR, Darunavir, Lopinavir, Nelfinavir, etc (look for ending in NAVIR)
216
Rubella common in which population
immigrants and non vaccinators
217
Varicella remains latent in the
dorsal root ganglia
218
stages of whooping cough
1. catarrhal phase (URI sxs 1-2wks)
2. paroxysmal phase (severe coughing fits with post vomiting emesis up to 6 wks)
3. convalescent phase (sxs resolving, no longer contagious, lasts 1 month)
219
Centor criteria
Strep throat (GAS) - 1. fever 2. pharyngotonsillar exudate 3. tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy 4. NO COUGH
220
dendritic lesions
keratoconjunctivitis
221
Common INTIs
Raltegravir and Dolutegravir
222
Tx of blastomycosis
Itraconazole (Amp B if severe)
223
complications of kawasaki
MI and coronary artery aneurysm
224
allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis PC in pts with....
asthma and CF d/t airway hypersensitivity reaction to fungus
225
Kawasaki dx
Warm (fever) + CREAM (4 out of 5)
C: conjunctivitis
R: rash (polymorphous)
E: extremity changes (desquamation, edema, etc)
A: Adenopathy (cervical)
M: mucous membrane involved (tongue, lips, pharnyx
226
phases of Hantavirus
prodromal (fever chills and severe myalgias in back and legs) and cardiopulm phase (sudden resp distress, pulm edema, CV collapse and renal failure)
227
Dx of SARS
CT scan (ground glass opacities or focal consolidation) and + stool test (14d)
228
Tx of Leprosy
Dapsone + Rifampin + clofazimine X 2-3yrs
229
vesicles on nail or finger
herpetic whitlow (common in dentists and kids)
230
large septate hyphae
Aspergillosis (Aspergillus fungus)
231
rhabdovirus infection of the CNS
Rabies
232
common phases of trichinosis
GI phase: abd pain, N/V/D.
| Muscle phase: myositis and palpebral/circumorbital edema
233
common times to suspect pseudomonas
conjunctivitis in contact wearer, puncture wound while wearing tennis shoes, and hot tubs folliculitis
234
Painful parotid gland swelling
mumps
235
Dx of HIV
```
Ab testing (Elisa + within 4-12wks post-infxn);
Western blot (confirmation);
Viral load to check infectivity and treatment effectiveness
```
236
Fornier gangrene
penis/scrotum infection d/t trauma (MC in diabetics)
237
Varicella zoster virus is part of what family
Herpes (HHV 3)
238
Tx of Roseola
Supportive
239
Common ADEs of NNRTIs
TERATOGENIC, SJS, vivid dreams and CNS sxs (HA, dizzy, etc)
240
gram stain of yersinia pestis shows
safety pin appearance of organism (gram negative)
241
Common ADEs of PIs
GI, hyperlipidemia, lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia and renal stones
242
prion-mediated degenerative brain dz --> rapidly progressive dementia (fatal within 1 yr)
Creutzfeldt-jakob dz
243
Dx of CMV
owl's eye inclusion bodies on bx of tissue
244
sxs of cat scratch disease
regional lymphadenopathy (MC axillary) and fever
245
Tx of staph aureus
nafcillin or vanco
246
MC opportunistic pathogen (CD4 <100 typically)
Candida Albicans
247
Clinical manifestations of Toxoplasmosis
1. mono-like illness with cervical lymphadenopathy
2. ENCEPHALITIS in immunocompromised pts (CD4 <100)
3. TORCH infxn - blueberry muffin rash, hepatosplenomegaly, hearing loss and mental retardation
248
Tx of trichinosis
mild (self-limiting), severe (albendazole)
249
vector for african trypanosomiasis (african sleeping sickness)
tsetse fly (T. brucei)
250
Def of AIDS
+ HIV and one AIDS defining illness (or CD4 <200)
251
Tx of Tularemia
streptomycin (alt gentamicin or doxy)
252
oral hairy leukoplakia caused by...
EBV (HHV 4)
253
Bird (Pigeon) droppings
Cryptococcus neoformans
254
RMSF mc in what region
south atlantic (dog/wood tick)
255
What family does Roseola belong to
Herpes (HHV 6)
256
Dx of amebiasis
stool ova and parasites
257
Fungal ball on CXR
Aspergillus fungus (aspergilloma)
258
Dx of malaria
Giemsa stain peripheral smear (thin and thick)
259
HIV pts with CMV are at increased risk of what if CD4 <50
Retinitis (blindspots, unilateral), linear large SF ulcerations in esophagus, and colitis
260
Dx of ascariasis
eosinophilia; stool O&P
261
Tx for west nile
supportive
262
MC intestinal helminth infxn worldwide
ascariasis (d/t ascaris lumdricoides - roundworm)
263
MCC of fungal meningitis
Cryptococcus neoformans
264
Common HIV opportunistics infxns at CD4 <100
Toxoplasmosis, cryptococcus
265
HAART tx regimens
1. 2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI
2. 2 NRTIs + 1 PI
3. 2 NRTIs + 1 INSTI
266
Tx of neisseria meningitidis
```
Pen G (alt ceftriaxone);
Prophylaxis for those exposed - Rifampin or Cipro
```
267
MCC of acute pancreatitis in kids
Mumps
268
CMV is part of what family
Herpes (HHV 5)
269
Dx of pertussis
Nasopharyngeal swab if in catarrhal pahse
| HIGH lymphocytosis
270
Tx of pinworm
albendazole
271
Tx of Hantavirus
ICU support
272
sxs of brucellosis
undulant fever and anorexia
273
Amebiasis sxs/presentation
GI colitis, bloody diarrhea, and amebic liver abscess
274
dx of MAC (mycobacterium avium complex)
AFB and culture
275
3 phases of syphilis
1: painless genital chancre (3-4wks)
2: rash on palms/soles and condyloma lata (weeks - 6 mo)
3: gumma (soft growth with necrotic center) and argyll robertson pupil (small irregular pupil that constricts for accommodation but NOT to light); neurosyphilis (demyleniation of posterior colums --> ataxia, gait, weakness and decreased propioception); cardiovascular (aortic regurg and aneurysm)
276
vector for west nile
mosquitos
277
parasite for amebiasis
entamoeba histolytica
278
honey crusted
impetigo
279
Risk factors for H influenza
COPD, bronchiectasis, CF
280
Tx of ascariasis
albendazole (pyrantel if prego)
281
Tx of PCP
Bactrim (+prednisone prn O2 <80%)
282
puncture wound involving raw fish/meat/poultry
erysipeloid (erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae)
283
Tx of Measles (Rubeola)
Supportive and anti-inflammatory; vit A decreases morbidity and mortality; isolate for 1 week
284
neonate conjunctivitis causes
1. gonorrhea (1-3d), 2. chlamydia (5-7d), 3. HSV (2-4wks)
285
Tx for human bites
augmentin (alt clindamycin)
286
TX of acanthamoeba keratitis
biguanides (ie. metformin), chlorahexadine (antiseptic), propamidine (SU class) and neomycin-polymyxin
287
sxs of measles
1. Fever + URI sxs (2-3d), 2. mobiliform brick red rash on face (starting at hairline) spreading to extremities (7d)
288
Trichinosis caused by...
undercooked meats (PORK) - parasitic round worm infxn
289
MC manifestation of malaria
cyclical fever every 2-3 days (also leukopenia and thrombocytopenia)
290
Presentation of acanthamoeba keratitis
keratitis (especially with contacts), ocular pain, photophobia, and corneal stromal ring infiltrate on PE
291
Neonatal rubella (TORCH)
Teratogenic esp in 1st trimester; Congenital cataracts, PDA, sensorineural deafness, jaundice, mental retardation and blueberry muffin rash
292
west nile sxs
encephalitis, meningitis and flaccid paralysis --> seizures and coma
293
What is babesiosis?
malaria-like protozoa that attack RBC (history of tick bite from NE US area); common in long island and massachusetts
294
Do you have to see bite marks to start tx for rabies
NO!!!!!!!!!! once sx occur, patient rarely survive
295
tx of MAC
Clarithromycin + ethambutal X 12 months (+/- rifampin); prophylaxis if CD4 <50
296
MC opportunistic infxn in HIV pts
PCP pneumonia (CD4 typically <200)
297
Paramyxovirus causes...
Measles, Mumps, RSV and Parainfluenza
298
Yersinia pestis transmission
fleas bit rodents then bite humans
