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Naplex Study Tools > Infectious Disease I > Flashcards

Infectious Disease I Flashcards

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1
Q

Gram-positive organisms
gram-stain?
cell-wall?

A
  • purple

- thick

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2
Q

Gram-negative organisms
gram-stain?
cell-wall?

A
  • pink

- thin

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3
Q

Gram positive cocci consists of ____ and ___?

A

Cluster and Chains

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4
Q

Name the bacteria?
gram-stain purple
cocci
CLUSTERS

A

Staphylococcus spp.

including MSSA and MRSA

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5
Q

Name the bacteria?
gram-stain purple
CHAINS or PAIRS

A

Strep. pneumoniae
Streptococcus spp.
Enterococcus spp. (including VRE)

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6
Q

Name the bacteria?
gram-stain purple
anaerobes

A

PAC
P-Peptostreptococcus
A-Actinomyces spp.
C- C.diff

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7
Q

Name the bacteria?
Atypicals
gram-stain?

A

Chlamydia spp.
Legionella spp.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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8
Q

HNPEK

Identify the “gut colonizers” vs. “NON-gut colonizers”

A 
H- H. influenzae (non -gut colonizer)
N- Neisseria spp. (Cocci)
P- Proteus (gut colonizer)
E- E. coli (gut colonizer) 
K- Klebsiella spp. (gut colonizer)
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9
Q

CAPES + ____ + ____

Identify the shape (cocci, rod, etc..)

A 
C- Citrobacter spp.
A- Acinetobacter baumanni
P- Providencia 
E- Enterobacter
S- Serratia spp.

MOUTH flora- Peptostreptococcus (gram +) and Actinomyces

Pseudomonas

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10
Q

Cell-wall inhibitors (3)

A
  • Beta-lactams (Penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
  • Monobactams
  • Vancomycin
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11
Q

Folic-Acid Inhibitors

A
  • Sulfonamides

- Bactrim

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12
Q

Cell-membrane inhibitors a.k.a Lipoglycopeptides + ____

A 
Televancin
Daptomycin
Oritavancin 
PLUS
Polymyxin
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13
Q

DNA/RNA Inhibitors

A
  • Quinolones (floxacins)- DNA gyrase/TOPO IV)
  • Metronidazole
  • Rifampin
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14
Q

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

A
  • Aminoglycosides
  • Macrolides (mycins)
  • Tetracylcines (doxy,mono,tetra)
  • Clindamycin
  • Linezolid
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15
Q

Name the TIME dependent antibiotics?

A
  • Beta-lactams
  • Penicillins
  • Cephlasporins
  • Carbapenems

Note: all others are CONCENTRATION dependent

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16
Q

What Beta-lactam is commonly used to treat syphilis?

A 
Pen G (Bicillin LA)- IM formulation only
This is a lipid emulsion that can be deadly if given IV
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17
Q

What natural penicillin is used to treat gram (+) cocci, anaerobes, and skin infections?

A

Penicillin VK

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18
Q

What Beta-lactams are commonly used to treat AOM? What is the dosing?

A

Amoxicillin and Augmentin
90 mg/kg/day
Note: clavulate is the lowest dose

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19
Q

____ is an Aminopenicillin used to PROPHylactically treat infective endocarditis (dental surgery)?

A

Amoxicillin

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20
Q

What is the only beta-lactam (ESBL) that covers pseudomonas AND CAPES?

A

Zosyn (pipercillin/tazobactam)

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21
Q

All Beta-lactams cover Enterococcus accept for these? Do they require renal dose adjustment?

A

Oxacillin (PO)
Naficillin, Dicloxacillin (IV)
No renal dose adjustment required

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22
Q

Aminopenicillins cover what organisms?

23
Q

Penicillin Class Effects

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Beta-lactam allergy

- Risk of seizures (more common in patients with decrease renal fxn which leads to accumulation or Hx of seizures)

24
Q

Name the aminopenicillin + Betalactamase inhibitors (PO and IV formulation) combos and what do they cover?

Study These Flashcards
A

Augmentin- amoxicillin/clavulanate (PO)
Unasyn- ampicillin/sulbactam (IV)

Coverage:
MSSA, HNPEK, B. fragilis

25
What is the only exception when considering initiating penicilin therapy in a patient with a penicillin allergy?
Pregnant patients with syphiliis
26
What medications classes/drugs would be inappropriate treatment for a patient with a hx of seizures?
Beta-lactams (Penicillins, Cephalosporins,Carbapenems) Quinolones Bupropion
27
What monolactam can be used when patient has an allergy to penicillin?
Aztreonam
28
When can cephalosporins be used in a child with a penicillin allergy?
When the child has AOM
29
1st gen cephalosporins; formulation; coverage?
1st Gen Cephalosporins: Cefazolin (IV); Cephlexin (PO) Coverage: - PEK (gram -) - mouth anaerobes (peptostreptococci)
30
Name the 2nd generation cephalosporin that comes in IV/PO/IM. What does it cover?
Cefuroxime (Ceftin) Coverage: -HNPEK
31
Name the two 2nd generation (IV) cephalosprins and their coverage?
CeFOTetan and CeFOXitin Coverage: B. fragilis
32
Which 2nd generation (IV) cephalosprins is associated with DISULFIRAM rxns? What is it used to treat?
CeFOTetan Treament for: AOM CAP sinus infection
33
What cephalosporin has strep pneumo coverage + MRSA?
Ceftaroline (Teflaro)
34
What IV cephalosporin treats gram +, HNPEK, and CAPES ~ including pseudomonas?
4th generation | Cefepime (IV)
35
What IV cephalosporin treats CAP, SBP, and pyelonephritis and does not require renal dose adjustment? contraindications? What is the PO formulation?
Ceftriaxone -IV (3rd generation) - in neonates (0-28 days) Cefdinir-PO (3rd generation)
36
T/F? | Beta-lactams cover ATYPICALS?
False | -beta-lactams are cell-wall inhibitors and atypicals LACK a cell wall.
37
All carbapenems cover psuedomonas except ______?
Ertapenem | - DOES NOT cover PEA and must be put in NS
38
Carbapenem class effects?
- ESBL producing organisms | - DO NOT COVER MRSA, VRE or Atypicals
39
What are the 2 major aminoglycoside toxicities? Traditional dosing? Extended Interval dosing? Trough goal?
Ototoxicity and Nephrotoxicity Traditional: 1.5 to 5 mg/kg IV q8h Extended interval: 4 to 7 mg/kg q24h Trough goal: < 2 mcg/mL
40
Quinolone Boxed Warnings and additional warnings?
- Tendon rupture - Peripheral neuropathy - CNS effects (SEIZURES, paranoia, nightmares) - QT prolongation - HYPER/HYPO -glycemia - photosensitivity - AVOID in children < 8 years of age, prego, breastfeeding due to teeth discoloration and bone growth retardation - LAST LINE TX
41
Name the respiratory quinolones?
My Good Lungs M- Moxifloxacin G- Gemfloxacin L-Levofloxacin
42
What do quinolones and Macrolides have in common when considering SE profiles?
``` QT prolongation Cation interactions (avoid Fe, Mg, Ca, antacids) ```
43
What 2 quinolones are anti-psuedomonal?
levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin
44
Which macrolides are contraindicated with lovastatin and simvastatin?
Erythromyin | Clarithromycin
45
What antibiotic is associated with G6PD deficiency and a positive COOMBS test? What are indications of hemolytic anemia?
Bactrim - positive Coombs Test - decreasing hemoglobin/hematocrit
46
If susceptibility results extended spectrum beta-lactamase positive, what drug classes should be considered? (2)
Carbapenems | Cephalosporins + Beta-lactamase inhibitors (Zerbaxa and Avycaz)
47
What macrolide is commonly used to treat gonnorhea, chlamydia, traveler's diarrhea and MAC?
Azithromax Z-pak (250 mg) Tri-pak (500 mg)
48
Why is Vancomycin infusions limited to 1 gram over one hour?
Red Man Syndrome caused by rapid infusion | -S & S include: rash, pruitus, erythema and, less frequently, hypotension or angiodema
49
What agent is indicated for the treatment of VRE E. faecalis?
Daptomycin (Cubicin)
50
What agent covers VRE E. faecium?
Synercid (Quinupristin and Dalfopristin)
51
T/F? | Linezolid covers VRE and MRSA.
True
52
Drug of choice for Acinetobacter?
Merepenem
53
What should be done if a Tobramycin levels are drawn and the peak is 8.4 mcg/mL and the trough is 2.4 mcg/mL?
ONLY extend dosing interval
54
What tetracycline is associated with BLE in addition to class related counseling including sun sensitivity and must be taken apart from antacids?
MINOcycline

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