Infectious Disease I Pt. 1 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Infectious Disease I Pt. 1 Deck (26)
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1
Q

What are the two common bacterial pathogens that have multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms, what are they

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae an E. Coli

Extended-Spectrum Beta-lactamase AND Carbapenem Resistance

2
Q

What can be given if an organism has an ESBL

A

All carbapenems and Ceftazidime/Avibactam

3
Q

What can be given if an organism has an CRE

A

Ceftazidime/Avibactam and Polymixin B

4
Q

What can be given for VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus)

A

Daptomycin and Linezolid

5
Q

What antibiotics have 1:1 IV to oral dosing

A

Levofloxacin, linezolid, metronidazole, doxycycline/minocycline

6
Q

What antibiotics do not need renal dosing

A

NDO (Naficillin, Dicloxacillin, Oxacillin), Ceftriaxone, Clindamycin, Doxyclycline, Azithromycin/Erythromycin, Metronidazole, Linezolid

7
Q

What antibiotics are concentration dependent killing

A

Aminoglycosides, Quinolones, Daptomycin

8
Q

What antibiotics are Time dependent killing

A

Penicillins

9
Q

What antibiotics are AUC over MIC dependent killing

A

Vancomycin, Macrolides, Tetracyclines, and Polymixins

10
Q

What would Penicillin VK be used to treat

A

Strep throat and Mild nonpurulent skin infection (no abscess)

11
Q

What would Amoxicililin be used to treat

A

Acute Otis Media (80 to 90 mg/kg/day) AND Infective endocarditis prophylaxis (2 grams by mouth 30 to 60 minutes before the procedure)

12
Q

What are the two most common 1st generation cephalosporins, what are they most most used for

A

Cefazolin AND Cephalexin (Keflex)

Cefazolin: Surgical Prophylaxis
Cephalexin (Keflex): MSSA skin infections and Strep throat

13
Q

What are the two most common 2nd generation cephalosporins, what are they most used for

A

Cefuroxime AND Cefotetan (Cefotan)

Cefuroxime: Acute Otitis media, CAP
Cefotetan: Anaerobic coverage of B. Fragilis, surgical prophylaxis for colorectal procedures

14
Q

Which 2nd generation cephalosporin can cause a disulfiram like reaction with alcohol ingestion

A

Cefotetan

15
Q

What are the three most common third generation cephalosporins, what are they used for

A

Cefdinir (Omnicef), Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone and Cefotaxime: Meningitis, SBP, and Pyelonephritis
CAP can be used by all three

16
Q

T/F: Ceftriaxone cannot be used in neonates aged 0 to 28 days

A

True

17
Q

T/F: Meropenem (Merrem) covers most gram positives, most gram negatives, and anaerobic pathogens

A

True

18
Q

What do carbapenems not cover for

A

Atypical pathogens, MRSA, and VRE

19
Q

What does Ertapenem (IVANZ) not cover

A

Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter (PEA)

20
Q

T/F: Aztreonam only cover gram negatives, including pseudomonas, and is usually reserved for a beta-lactam allergy

A

True

21
Q

What are carbapenems commonly used for

A

Moderate-Severe Diabetic foot infection, Empiric therapy when resistant organisms are suspected, Resistant pseudomonas or Acinetobacter infections

22
Q

What are the respiratory Quinolones

A

Levofloxacin and Moxifloxacin

23
Q

What are the antipseudomonal Quinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin

24
Q

What patients should avoid quinolones

A

Patients with a seizure history, children, pregnant patients

25
Q

What are the counseling points for quinolones

A

Avoid sun exposure, separate from cations, monitor blood sugar in patients with diabetes

26
Q

What is the only cephalosporin can be given for pseudomonas

A

Ceftaroline (Teflaro)