infectious disease outline key points

Question 1

macrolide AE

Answer 1

GI upset, QTc prolongation

Question 2

fluroquinolone AE

Answer 2

QTc prolongation, peripheral neuropathy, tendonitis

Question 3

drug of choice for MRSA

Answer 3

vancomycin

Question 4

3rd generation cephalosporins and ESBL

Answer 4

3rd generation cephalosporins are resistant and cannot be used

ESBL organisms make abx inactive

Question 5

vancomycin IV vs PO

Answer 5

IV systemic infections

PO c. diff

Question 6

bactrim use

Answer 6

pneumonia, skin infections, UTI, bone infections

Question 7

first generation cephalosporin spectrum

Answer 7

streptococcus, staph aureus (MSSA)

doesn’t cover MRSA
minimal gram neg. coverage

Question 8

drug of choice for syphilis

Answer 8

natural penicillin

Question 9

drugs for penicillin-resistant organisms

Answer 9

anti-staphyloccal penicillin (nafcillin or oxacillin)

Question 10

amino-penicillin clinical use (empirical treatment)

Answer 10

otitis media, acute pharyngitis

Question 11

first generation cephalosporin clinical usage?

Answer 11

skin infections and prophylaxis for surgery

**excellent drug for MSSA

Question 12

first line drug for severe c. diff

Answer 12

vancomycin PO

Question 13

Agents to avoid during pregnancy

Answer 13

fluroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (bactrim)

Question 14

vancomycin AE

Answer 14

nephrotoxcic, ototoxicity

Red man’s syndrome is not an allergy, it is secondary to too rapid infusion rate

Question 15

cephalosporin AE

Answer 15

hypersensitivity, GI intolerance, seizure (cefepime), neutropenia

Question 16

first line drug for mild c. diff

Answer 16

metronidazole

Question 17

cephalosporins that covers pseudomonas?

Answer 17

ceftazidime (3rd)

cefepime (4th)

Question 18

which beta lactamase inhibitors covers pseudomonas?

Answer 18

piperacillin-tazobactam

Question 19

aztreonam spectrum

Answer 19

only covers gram-negative

monobactams

Question 20

which beta lactamase inhibitors covers MSSA?

Answer 20

augmentin

amoxicillin doesn’t work

Question 21

fluroquinolone spectrum

Answer 21

broad- both gram negative and positive (NOT MRSA)
ciprofloxacin poor streptococcus (don’t use for pneumonia)
moxifloxacin does not cover pseudomonas

Question 22

clarithromycin special consideration

Answer 22

inhibits CYP450, increased GI intolerance and more frequent dosing, many drug interactions

Question 23

linezolid clinical use

Answer 23

drug-resistant enterococcus or staphylococcal infections of the lung

Question 24

macrolides spectrum

Answer 24

streptococcus, minimal gram negative

used for pneumonia and chlamydia

Question 25

daptomycin and pneumonia

Answer 25

DO NOT USE lung surfactant makes the drug inactive

Question 26

linezolid spectrum

Answer 26

gram positive, MSSA, MRSA, MRSE, VRE

Question 27

3rd generation cephalosporins spectrum

Answer 27

streptococcus, MSSA, enteric GNR ceftazidime covers pseudomonas

Question 28

metronidazole spectrum

Answer 28

anaerobic gram negative c. diff used in distal part of colon

Question 29

vancomycin monitoring

Answer 29

15-20 micrograms/ml = therapeutic >20 nephrotoxic <10 no effect, clinical failure, and resistance

Question 30

penicillin AE

Answer 30

hypersensitivity, renal adjustments (except anti-staph penicillin), GI intolerance

Question 31

bactrim AE

Answer 31

skin reactions, neutropenia, nephrotoxic, hyperkalemia

Question 32

drugs that treat pseudomonas

Answer 32

``` piperacillin/tazobactam ceftazidime cefepime aztreonam all carbapenems except ertapenem levofloxcin ciprofloxcin aminoglycosides polymyxins ``` pseudo-CARBS Like Pizza And Pasta Certainly Cause Celebration And Excitement

Question 33

vancomycin spectrum

Answer 33

gram positive broad spectrum

Question 34

tetracycline AE

Answer 34

GI intolerance, NV (tygacil), vertigo (minocin), photosensitvity

Question 35

bactrim spectrum

Answer 35

gram negatives (NOT pseudomonas) and gram positive (including MRSA)

Question 36

Natural penicillin spectrum

Answer 36

staph aureus, stretococcus, syphilis

Question 37

drugs that treat MRSA

Answer 37

``` vancomycin linezolid daptomycin cindamycin tetracyclines bactrim ceftaroline ``` Voluptuous Ladies Dance The Can Can Beautifully!

Question 38

cephalosporin used against MRSA?

Answer 38

ceftaroline DOES NOT cover pseudomonas

Question 39

bactrim contraindication

Answer 39

sulfa allergies can cause Stevens Johnson syndrome pregnancy adjust for renal patients

Question 40

which beta lactamase inhibitors are PO? IV?

Answer 40

unasyn and zosyn IV augmentin PO

Question 41

ceftriaxone dosing?

Answer 41

once a day | long half life and highly protein bound

Question 42

linezolid interactions

Answer 42

SSRI

Question 43

why were 3rd generation cephalosporins developed?

Answer 43

to cover gram negative

Question 44

amino-penicillin spectrum

Answer 44

streptococcus, enteric gram-negative (e. coli, k. pneumoniae), haemophilus influenzae, enterococcus faecalis

Question 45

QTc prolongation agents

Answer 45

macrolides and fluroquinolones don't give to cardiac patients, antipsychotics, anti-arrhythmias

Question 46

metronidazole AE

Answer 46

GI upset, metallic taste, headache, dark urine DON'T DRINK alcohol

Question 47

dosing of first generation cephalosporin

Answer 47

3-4x daily short half life

Question 48

tetracycline spectrum

Answer 48

gram negative (NOT pseudomonas), gram positive (including MRSA)

Question 49

drug of choice for MSSA

Answer 49

anti-staphylococcal penicillin

Question 50

alternative to anti-staphylococcal penicillin for hepatic patients?

Answer 50

first generation cephalosporin

Question 51

linezolid AE

Answer 51

thrombocytopenia (1-2 weeks after therapy), diarrhea, serotonin syndrome

Question 52

aztreonam cross sensitivity

Answer 52

ceftazidime

Question 53

fluroquinolones that cover pseudomonas

Answer 53

ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin