Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Acute PNP > Infectious Disease Part 2 > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Part 2 Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Most common cause of otitis media
Frequent cause of pneumonia, meningitis, and sinusitis
Common cause of bacteremia in infants <24 months old

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vaccination against streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine/Pneumovax in “high risk” children older than 2
Hepatavalent Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccine/Prevnar which is universal use in children less than 23 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What causes scarlet fever?

A

Group A Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci (GABHS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the incubation period for scarlet fever?

A

2-4 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is scarlet fever transmitted?

A

Infected upper respiratory tract secretions or after wound infection or burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Abrupt illness, sore throat, headache, vomiting, malaise, abdominal pain, fever, chills, “strawberry tongue”, sandpaper-like skin rash that appears ~24 hours after onset of fever and lasts 1-2 days (face is spared), “pastia’s lines” and there is desquamation of rash over 1-3 weeks (skin peeling)

A

Scarlet Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment for scarlet fever

A

Penicillin IM ONCE or erythromycin/oral cephalosporins for 10 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When can children return to school after scarlet fever?

A

Once afebrile and on antibiotics for 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Caused by C. diptheriae; transmitted through intimate contact with infected persons or carrier

A

Diptheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the incubation period for Diptheria?

A

2-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long is a person with Diptheria contagious?

A

Up to 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

After recovery from diptheria, what is required for the child to get?

A

DTaP vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Caused by Clostridium tetani; usually enters through scratch or puncture wound

A

Tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Toxin acts at peripheral motor end plates, spinal cord, and sympathetic nervous system which leads to unopposed muscle contraction and spasm that can continue for 3-4 weeks

A

Tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the incubation period for tetanus?

A

3 days to 3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Descending symptoms of trismus (lockjaw), difficulty swallowing, muscle rigidity, spasms

A

Generalized tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Laryngospasm, fractures, death

A

Tetanus complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for tetanus?

A

Tetanus antitoxin and vaccination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Coxsackie virus; highly contagious; spread by fecal-oral contamination; more common in warm months

A

Hand-Food-Mouth Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the incubation period for Hand-Foot-Mouth disease?

A

3-6 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fever, vessicular eruption of buccal mucosa, maculopapular rash involving hands and feet that evolves to vesicles

A

Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When can a child with Hand-Foot-Mouth disease return to school?

A

Once afebrile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Fifth disease

A

Erythema Infectiosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What causes fifth disease?

A

Human Parvovirus B-19

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
When is fifth disease/erythema infectiosum most common?
Late winter and early spring
26
What is the incubation period for fifth disease?
4-14 days
27
When does rash appear with fifth disease?
2-3 weeks after exposure
28
When is fifth disease not contagious anymore?
When the rash appears
29
Bilateral erythema of cheeks followed by lacy, maculopapular rash on body followed by, rash only with trauma to skin
Fifth disease/Erythema Infectiosum
30
Caused by paramyxovirus; transmitted through droplets or fomites
Measles/Rubeola
31
Rubeola
Measles
32
What is the incubation period for Rubeola/Measles?
10-12 days
33
Fever, cough, coryza, and/or conjunctivitis for 2-4 days followed by Koplik's spots and maculopapular rash on 3-4 days of illness; fever increases with rash; rash begins on face and behind ear then spreads to trunk and extremities
Measles/Rubeola
34
Diarrhea, pneumonia, encephalitis, DIC< seizures
Complications of Measles/Rubeola
35
Caused by paramyxovirus; transmitted through respiratory secretions
Mumps
36
What is the incubation period for mumps?
14-18 days
37
Nonspecific prodrome of low-grade fever, headache, malaise, and myalgias, parotitis Urticaria, maculopapular rash on trunk, Pickle sign
Mumps
38
Pain on affected side after eating something sour
Pickle sign
39
Meningoencephalitis, nephritis, orchitis, epididymitis, oophoritis, deafness
Complications of Mumps
40
Caused by Togavirus, transmitted through respiratory secretions
Rubella
41
What is the incubation period for rubella?
14-21 days
42
mild symptoms with lymphadenopathy appearing in second week Maculopapular rash 14-17 days after exposure that starts on face and neck progresses from head to foot
Rubella
43
Caused by human herpesvirus-G
Roseola
44
Most common in children ages 6-24 months of age
Roseola
45
What is the incubation period for roseola?
7-17 days
46
When are children with roseola contagious?
During the fever
47
Sudden onset of high fever for 5 days, non-ill appearing child, upper respiratory symptoms Diffuse, discrete, erythematous, maculopapular 2-3 mm rash appears after fever breaks for 1-2 days that starts on trunk and spreads
Roseola
48
Most common cause of respiratory infection inf the first 3 years
Respiratory Syncytial Virus
49
What is the incubation period of RSV?
4 days
50
Manifested as bronchiolitis or pneumonia; commonly affects premature infants/children with underlying respiratory conditions
RSV
51
Runny nose, nasal congestion, apnea, dyspnea, tachypnea, coughing, wheezing, cyanosis, poor feeding, lethargy, irritability
RSV
52
Hyperinflation of lungs and/or scattered areas of consolidation
Chest x-ray for RSV
53
Immunization is given monthly during RSV season
Synagis
54
What is the dosage for Synagis?
15 mg/kg
55
Pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, croup; diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, follicular conjunctivitis, photophobia, hyperemia, lacrimation
Adenovirus
56
What is the treatment for cytomegalovirus immunocompromised patients?
Valganciclovir
57
Caused by Epstein-Barr virus that affects 3-6-year-olds in urban settings and 10-30-year-olds in affluent settings
Infectious Mononucleosis
58
What is the incubation period for mononucleosis?
2-8 weeks
59
Fever, sore throat, petechial rash on palate, tonsillar enlargement and ulceration, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly Skin rash, bilateral periorbital edema, myalgia, arthralgia, abdominal pain
Infectious Mononucleosis
60
WBC 10,000-20,000 Atypical lymphs on peripheral smear Monospot positive Serum heterophile test may not be positive until ~2 weeks into infection
Infectious Mononucleosis
61
Splenic rupture, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia
Complications of infectious mononucleosis
62
Highly contagious, caused by herpes virus, spread person to person (direct contact and airborne droplet)
Varicella
63
When is the incidence of varicella greatest?
Late autumn, winter, and spring
64
How long is the incubation period for varicella?
10-21 days
65
How long is a person with varicella contagious?
1-2 days before rash develops until lesions are crusted
66
Low-grade fever, listlessness, headache, backache, abdominal pain, URI symptoms
prodrome of varicella
67
Rash starts on trunk, scalp, or neck; crops of lesions that progress to macules to papules to "teardrop vesicles" within 12-24 hours Crusts develop when vesicles begin to resolve Scabs lasts 5-20 days
Varicella
68
Fever reducers Acyclovir 20 mg/kg QID x 5 days Maalox/Benadryl mouthwash for oral lesions Antipruritics
Varicella treatment
69
Secondary infection to latent varicella virus
Herpes Zoster
70
Fecal-oral route; replicates in pharynx and GI tract; hematologic spread to lymphatics and CNS; spreads along nerve fibers causing destruction of motor neurons
Poliomyelitis
71
How long is the incubation period for poliomyelitis?
7-21 days
72
What is the diagnostic test of choice for poliomyelitis?
Stool culture within first 2 weeks of illness
73
Nonspecific febrile illness (Abortive) Nonparalytic Paralytic
Three forms of poliomyelitis
74
Arbovirus; occurs in warm months; spread through infected mosquitoes
West Nile Virus
75
MILD: Fever, headache, muscle aches, eye pain, rash on neck, body, arms, and legs; lymphadenopathy, anorexia, nausea and vomiting SEVERE: high fever, body and muscle weakness, rash on neck, body, arms, and legs; GI upset; and CNS symptoms
West Nile Virus
76
IgM antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) of serum or CSF within 8 days of illness onset Followed by plaque reduction neutralization test if previous is positive
West Nile Virus

Acute PNP (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions