Infectious Disease & Tracking Epidemics Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is Analytic Epidemiology?
The study of why and how health-related states or events occur in a population through testing hypotheses, making comparisons, and by quantifying scientific information.
What does Basic Reproduction Number (R0) indicate?
The average number of new infections generated by one infectious individual in a population.
What is the threshold for R0 to indicate an outbreak?
R0 must be greater than one (R0 > 1).
What are Biologic Agents?
The bacteria or viruses that cause disease.
Define Case Fatality Rate.
The fraction of people who die of a disease among those who are infected.
What are Chemical Agents?
Carcinogens, like tobacco smoke or other cancer-causing agents.
What is a Communicable Disease?
A disease which can be transmitted by an infectious agent such as a bacterium, virus, fungus, prion, or protist.
What are Computer-based Simulation Models?
Computer displays which mimic a particular system to explore and gain new insights into technology and analytic solutions to real-world problems.
What does Descriptive Epidemiology examine?
The distribution of a disease in a population in terms of person, place, and time.
What is a Decision Theater?
A research facility and decision lab at ASU to explore and understand decision-making around complex real-world problems.
What are Determinants of Health?
Factors or events that are capable of bringing about a change in health, characterized as biologic, chemical, lifestyle, or social.
Define Disease Transmission.
How disease spreads through a population; the sequence of events by which disease spreads from the original case to secondary cases.
What are Disease Transmission Routes?
The manner in which disease spreads, such as person-to-person, fecal-oral, and vector-borne.
What is an Emerging Infectious Disease?
An infectious disease which is novel, resurgent in the human population, or recently identified.
Define Endemic Disease.
The number of new cases is approximately constant over time.
What characterizes Epidemic Disease?
The number of new cases rapidly increases, reaches a peak, and then declines.
What is Epidemiology?
The study of how disease is distributed in populations and the factors that influence or determine this distribution.
What does Epidemiological Polarization refer to?
When disease patterns typical of poor living conditions coexist with chronic diseases typical of developed societies and with high mortality from accidents and violence.
What is meant by Health Transition?
As socioeconomic development advances, mortality and fertility rates shift from high to low, populations get larger and older, and disease patterns shift from infectious to non-infectious diseases.
What is Herd Immunity?
The critical fraction of the entire population that needs to be immunized to prevent the spread of an infectious agent.
Define Incidence.
The number of new cases of a disease or health condition in a population during a specified period of time.
What is the Incubation Period?
The time that elapses from when an infection begins to show symptoms.
