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NAPLEX > infectious diseases > Flashcards

infectious diseases Flashcards

1
Q

gram positive cocci - clusters

A

staph

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2
Q

gram positive cocci - pairs & chains

A

strep & enterococcus

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3
Q

gram positive rods

A

listeria & corynebacterium

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4
Q

gram positive anaerobes

A

peptostrep, propionibacterium, C. diff

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5
Q

atypical bacteria

A

chlamydia
legionella
mycoplasma
mycobacterium tuberculosis

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6
Q

gram negative anaerobes

A

bacteroides fragilis
prevotella

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7
Q

gram negative cocci

A

neisseria

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8
Q

gram negative coccobaccili

A

acinetobacter, bordatella, moraxella

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9
Q

gram negative rods

A

HENPEKS, pseudomonas

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10
Q

common resistant pathogens

A

Kill Each And Every Strong Pathogen
Klebsiella (ESBL, CRE)
E. coli
Acinetobacter
Enterococcus
Staph (MRSA)
Pseudomonas

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11
Q

which antibiotics are hydrophilic

A

beta lactams
aminoglycosides
vancomycin
daptomycin
polymyxin

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12
Q

which antibiotics are lipophilic

A

quinolones
macrolides
tetracyclines
rifampin
linezolid

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13
Q

penicillin coverage

A

natural - gram positive cocci (strep & enterococcus)
antistaph - staph & strep
amino - staph & strep & enterococcus + HNPE
extended penicillins - amino coverage + CAPES + pseudomonas

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14
Q

penicillin side effects & info

A

seizures, GI upset, diarrhea, rash, hemolytic anemia

antistaph - preferred MSSA coverage, no renal adjustments, nafcillin is a vesicant (hyaluronidase)

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15
Q

cephalosporin coverage

A

1st - staph/strep (MSSA) + PEK
2nd - staph/strep + HNPEK (cefotetan & cefoxitin add B fragilis coverage)
3rd - staph/strep (resistant) + HNPEK (ceftazidime covers pseudomonas and NO gram positive)
4th - gram positive + HNPEK + CAPES + pseudomonas
5th - + broad gram positive + MRSA

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16
Q

cephalosporin info

A

CI (ceftriaxone) - biliary sludging in neonates
W (cefotetan) - disulfiram like reaction
SE - seizures, hemolytic anemia, GI upset, diarrhea, rash

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17
Q

carbapenem coverage

A

MDR gram negative infections
gram positive + gram negative (ESBL) + anaerobes + pseudomonas

ertapenem does not cover pseudomonas, acinetobacter, enterococcus (PEA)

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18
Q

monobactam coverage

A

gram negative + pseudomonas

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19
Q

aminoglycoside coverage

A

gram negative + pseudomonas

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20
Q

aminoglycoside dosing for extended interval

A

4-7 mg/kg/dose (AdjBW unless underweight)

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21
Q

aminoglycoside info

A

BW - nephrotoxic, ototoxic, NM blockade

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22
Q

quinolone coverage & MOA

A

DNA gyrase and topo IV
broad spec + atypicals
cipro & levo have pseudomonas

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23
Q

quinolone info

A

BW - tendon, peripheral neuropathy, seizures
W - QT, hypo/hyperglycemia, psych, photosensitivity

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24
Q

macrolide coverage & MOA

A

50S
broad spec + atypicals

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25
Q

macrolide info

A

W - QT, hepatotoxicity, CAD (clarithromycin)

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26
Q

tetracycline coverage & MOA

A

30S
broad spec + atypicals
doxycycline for CA-MRSA and VRE

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27
Q

tetracycline info

A

BW - teeth, photosensitivity, DILE (minocycline)

IV:PO is 1:1

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28
Q

sulfonamide coverage & MOA

A

folic acid pathway
broad spec + shigella, salmonella, strenotrophomonas + OI

NO PSEUDO, ANAEROBE, ATYPICAL

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29
Q

sulfonamide info

A

5:1 SMP:TMP ratio
BW - SJS, TTP, hemolytic anemia
SE - increased K, photosensitivity, crystalluria

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30
Q

vancomycin MOA & info

A

D-ala-D-ala
nephro & oto
infusion reaction
do NOT use for MRSA if MIC >2

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31
Q

lipoglycopeptides MOA & info

A

D-ala and bacterial wall synthesis
cover
BW - fetal risk (telavancin), do not use IV UFH for 120 hours
W - can falsely increase PT/INR and aPTT

dalbavancin & oritavancin are a single dose regimen

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32
Q

daptomycin coverage & info

A

VRE & MRSA
BW - myopathy, rhabdo, can falsely increase PT/INR
SE - increase CPK

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33
Q

linezolid info

A

no renal adjustments
1:1
myelosuppression, thrombocytopenia, neuropathy, hypoglycemia

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34
Q

synercid info

A

VRE faceium ONLY
BW - arthralgias, hyperbilirubinemia

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35
Q

tigecycline coverage

A

3 Ps
pseudomonas
proteus
providencia

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36
Q

which antibiotic causes gray syndrome

A

chloramphenicol

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37
Q

clindamycin coverage & info

A

gram positive + CA-MRSA + anaerobes
no renal adjustment
D-test done to indicate resistance

38
Q

metronidazole coverage & info

A

anaerobes + protozoal
1:1
CI - pregnancy, disulfiram reaction

39
Q

nitrofurantoin coverage & info

A

VRE
hemolytic anemia

40
Q

which antibiotics do not require renal adjustment

A

antistaph penicillins
doxycycline
ceftriaxone
clindamycin
macrolides
metronidazole
moxifloxacin
linezolid

41
Q

common pathogens for meningitis

A

Neisseria, strep pneumoniae, haemophilus

listeria in neonates and >50 and immunocompromised

42
Q

meningitis treatment

A

dexamethasone prior or WITH
amp + cefotaxime/gent in neonates
amp + cef + vanc in >50 or immunocompromised
cef/cefotaxime + vanc

43
Q

common acute otitis media pathogens

A

strep, H. influenzae, moraxella

44
Q

acute otitis media treatment

A

observe 48-72 hours in non severe >6 months and symptoms in one ear
amox or augmentin 90 mg/kg OR cefdinir, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone

45
Q

pertussis treatment

A

macrolides

46
Q

COPD exacerbation treatment

A

augmentin

47
Q

CAP pathogens

A

SMH

48
Q

CAP treatment

A

amox OR doxy OR macrolide - healthy

beta lactam + macrolide OR doxy
quinolone monotherapy

49
Q

HAP/VAP treatment

A

pseudomona coverage + vanc

2 antipseudomonas + vanc if MDR

50
Q

latent TB treatment

A

INH + rifapentine weekly x 12 weeks
INH + rifampin x 3 months
rifampin x 4 months
INH x 6-9 months

51
Q

active TB treatment

A

RIPE x 2 months then RI x 4 months

52
Q

RIPE info

A

R - hemolytic anemia, hepatotoxicity, flu like symptoms, orange/red discoloration

I - peripheral neuropathy, hemolytic anemia, DILE, hepatotoxicity

P - gout, hepatotoxicity

E - optic neuritis, hepatotoxicity, connfusion

53
Q

IE treatment

A

viridans - penicillin or cef
MSSA - nafcillin or cefazolin
MRSA - vanc
enterococci - penicillin or amp
VRE - dapto or linezolid

54
Q

intra abdominal infection treatment

A

SBP - cef
SBP prophylaxis - bactrim, cipro
secondary peritonitis - PEK coverage + metronidazole

55
Q

impetigo treatment

A

mupirocin
cephalexin

56
Q

folliculitis treatment

A

cephalexin
bactrim or doxy

57
Q

cellulitis treatment - mild

A

cephalexin

58
Q

CA-MRSA abscess

A

bactrim, doxy

59
Q

severe SSTI treatment

A

vanc, dapto, linezolid

60
Q

necrotizing fasciitis treatment

A

vanc + beta lactam

61
Q

DFI treatment

A

unasyn, zosyn, carbapenem, moxifloxacin

vanc + something else

62
Q

cystitis treatment

A

macrobid x 5
bactrim x 3
fosfomycin x 1

amoxicillin or cephalexin in pregnancy

63
Q

pyelonephritis treatment

A

quinolone or ceftriaxone if resistance

64
Q

complicated UTI treatment

A

carbapenem

65
Q

syphilis treatment

A

bicillin LA (pen G) 2.4 x 1
doxy x 14

2.4 x 3 weeks if late latent or tertiary
or doxy

66
Q

neurosyphilis treatment

A

pen G IV

67
Q

gonorrhea treatment

A

ceftriaxone (add doxy if chlamydia is not excluded)

68
Q

chlamydia treatment

A

doxy
azithro if pregnant

69
Q

bacterial vaginosis treatment

A

metro

70
Q

trichomoniasis treatment

A

metro

71
Q

genital warts treatment

A

imiquimod cream

72
Q

azole class issues

A

hepatotoxicity, QT, drug interactions

73
Q

HIV replication stages

A
  1. binding - maraviroc
  2. fusion - enfuvirtide
  3. reverse transcriptase - NRTI/NNRTI
  4. integration - INSTI
  5. replication
  6. assembly
  7. budding - PI
74
Q

biktarvy generic

A

bictegravir/TAF/emtracitabine

75
Q

triumeq generic

A

dolutegravir/abacavir/lamivudine

76
Q

dovato generic

A

dolutegravir/lamivudine

77
Q

tivicay generic

A

dolutegravir

78
Q

truvada generic

A

TDF/emtricitabine

79
Q

descovy generic

A

TAF/emtricitabine

80
Q

NRTI info

A

lactic acidosis, nausea, diarrhea, LFT, headache
HBV
emtricitabine - hand pigmentation
didanosine/stavudine - pancreatitis

81
Q

INSTI info

A

B - SCr
R - CPK
E - proteinuria
D - HSR, neural tube defects, CPK

headache, insomnia, diarrhea, weight gain

separate from polyvalent ions

82
Q

raltegrevir brand

A

isentress

83
Q

NNRTI info

A

efavirez - take without food QHS
rilpivirine - take with food & do not use with PPI

hepatotoxicity and rash

84
Q

PI info

A

take with food
metabolic abnormalities
drug interactions

85
Q

atazanavir brand

A

reyataz

86
Q

darunavir brand

A

prezista

87
Q

stribild generic

A

elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TDA

take with food

88
Q

genvoya generic

A

elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/TAF

take with food

89
Q

atripla generic

A

efavirenz/3tc/TDF

90
Q

complera generic

A

rilpivirine/3TC/TDF

91
Q

odefsey generic

A

rilpivirine/3TC/TAF

92
Q

epzicom

A

abacavir/lamivudine

NAPLEX (7 decks)

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