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Infectious diseases Flashcards

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1
Q
  • if +ve = anticoag
    • if -ve = D-dimer – if +ve rpt USS in 6-8Bacterial causes of meningitis per age group ( newborn, young children, teens/adults)
A

Newborn - GBStrep; e.coli/coliform, listeria monocytogenesYoung children - N. meningitidis, strep pneumoniae, H.influenzaeTeens/adults - Strep pneumoniae, N.meningitidis, listeria monocytogenes

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2
Q

Viral causes of meningitis

A 
enterovirusVZVHSVHIVmumps
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3
Q

Fungal cause of meningitis

A

Crytpociccus neoformans

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4
Q

CSF interp for bacteria

A 
WCC v raised (100-50,000)protein v raised (>1)glucose low (<40%)opening pressure high
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5
Q

CSF interp for viral

A 
WCC raised (5-1000)protein N/raised (0.4-1)glucose Nopening pressure M/slighlty raised
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6
Q

CSF interp for fungal

A

WCC N/raised (0-1000)Protien raised (0.2.5)glcuose N/low (<40%)opening pressure v high

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7
Q

CSF interp TB

A

WCC slightly raised (<500)protein v raised (1-5)glucose v low (>30%)Opening pressure - high

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8
Q

tx bacterial meningitis (initial)

A

if susptected in GP - IM benzylpenicillin if no delay
IV cefotaxime or ceftriaxone
if <3 mo or >50 yrs - add amoxicillin IV

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9
Q

Treatment for aspergilloma

A

Itraconazole

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10
Q

Demographic that acquies Aspergilloma

A
  • Immunocompromised
  • cavitating lung disease (TB, emphysema)
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11
Q

Clinical presentation of aspergilloma

A

hx of TB;
haemoptysis (severe);
rounded opacity on CXR

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12
Q

Clinical presentation TB

A

fever; night sweats; anorexia; weight loss; chronic cough

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13
Q

Abx to treat IE chronic bronchitis

A

amoxicillin or tatracycline or clarithromycin

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14
Q

Abx to treat uncomplicated CAP

A

Amoxicillin
pen allergic = doxycylicine or clarithromycin
add flucloxacillin if ?satphylococci (in influenza)

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15
Q

Abx to treat atypical pnuemonia

A

clarithromycin

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16
Q

Abx to treat HAP

A

<5 days admission: co-amox or cefuroxime
>5 days - piptaz/razocin OR broad spectrum cephalosporin (ceftazidime) OR quinolone (ciprofloxacin)

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17
Q

Abx to treat Lower UTI

A

trimethorpin or nitrofurantoin

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18
Q

Abx to treat acute pyelonephritis

A

broad specturum cephalosporin (ceftrazidime) or quinolone (ciprofloxacin)

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19
Q

Abx to treat acute prostatitis

A

quinolone (ciprofloxacin) or trimethoprim

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20
Q

Abx to treat impetigo

A

topical hydrogen peroxide
oral flucloxacillin (erythromycin if widespread)

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21
Q

Abx to treat cellullitis

A

flucloxacillin
pen allergic = clarithromycin, erythromcyin or doxycyclin

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22
Q

Abx to treat cellulitis near eyes ro nose

A

co-amox
pen allergic = clarithromycin + metronidazole

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23
Q

Abx to treat erysipelaas

A

flucloxacillin
pen allergic = clarithromycin, erythromcyin or doxycyclin

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24
Q

Abx to treat animal/human bite

A

co-amox
pen allergic = clarithromycin + metronidazole

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25
Abx to treat mastitis (breast feeding)
flucloxacillin
26
Abx to treat pharyngitis
phenoxymethylpenicllin (penV) pen allergic = erythromycin
27
Abx to treat sinusitis
phenoxymethylpenicllin (penV) pen allergic = erythromycin
28
Abx to treat otitis media
amoxicillin pen allergic = erythromycin
29
Abx to treat otitis externa
flucloxacillin pen allergic = erythromcyin
30
Abx to treat periapical or periodontal abscess
amoxicillin
31
Abx to treat genngitivits
metronidazole
32
Abx to treat gonorrhoea
IM ceftriaxone
33
Abx to treat chlamydia
doxycycline or azithromycin
34
Abx to treat pelvic inflammatory disease
PO doxycycline PO metronizadole IM cetriaxone
35
Abx to treat syphillis
benzathine benzylpenicillin pen allergic = doxycycline or erythromycin
36
Abx to treat bacterial vaginosis
PO or topical metronidazole or clindamycin
37
Abx to treat clostridiodes difficile
1st: PO vancomycin 2nd/subsequent: PO fidaxomicin
38
Abx to treat campylobacter enteritis
clarithromycin
39
Abx to treat Salmonella (non-typhoid)
ciprofloxacin
40
Abx to treat shigellosis
cirpofloxacin
41
Typical causative pathogen for croup
parainfluenza virus
42
Typical causative pathogen for CAP
Streptococcus pneumoniae
43
Typical causative pathogen for bronchiolitis
respiratory syncytial virus
44
Typical causative pathogen for acute epiglottitis
Haemophilus influenzae
45
Typical causative pathogen for pneumonia following influenza
staphylococcus aureus
46
Typical causative pathogen for atypical pneumonia
mycoplasma pneumonia (flu-like sx precedes dry cough) Legionella pneumophilia (dry cough, lymphopenia, deranged LFTs, hyponatraemia)
47
complications of atypical pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumonia
haemolytic anaemia erythema multiforme
48
Typical causative pathogen for pneumonia in HIV pts
pneumoctystis jirovecii
49
Typical fts of pneumonia jirovecii
few chest signs exertional dypnoea HIV
50
Typical causative pathogen for tuberculosis
mycobacterium tuberculosis
51
warning signs in ?meningitis requiring senior review
- rapidly progressive rash - poor peripheral perfusion - RR <8 or >30 OR HR <40 or >140 - pH <7.3 OR WBC <4 OR lactate >4 - GCS <12 or drop of 2 - poor response to fluid resus
52
When to delay LP in ?meningitis
- signs of severe sepsis/rapidly evolving rash - severe resp/cardiac compromise - significant bleeding risk - signs of raised ICP (focal neuro, papilloedema, continuous/uncontrolled seizures, GCS <12)
53
Management of ?meningiits
- IV access - bloods + cultures - LP w/in 1st hour/before abx unless delay is inappropriate - IV abx - cefotazime or ceftriaxome - IV dexamethasone ( prior to or <12hrs from start of abx) ; avoid in septic shock, immunipcompromised, after surgery
54
Clinical fts of rubella
- prodrome - low grade fever - rash: maculopapular; face --> whole body; fades by day 3-5 - lymphadenopathy : suboccipital and post-auricular
55
complications of rubella
- arthritis - thrombocytopaenia - encephalitis - myocarditis
56
clinical fts of measles
- fever, cough , conjunctivities - irritability - blanching erythematous rash on face and upper chest - white spots on the inside of cheeks
57
Clinical fts of infection with parvovirus B19
common: - infants: erythema infectiosum (slapped-cheek syndrome) = mild fever with bright red rash after a few days (+/- spread to body - palms/soles) but feels better; can recurr with heat/sun - adutls: acute arthritis - immunosuprressed: pancytopenia - sickle-cell: aplastic crysis - fetus from 20/40: hydrops fetalis = severe anaemia --> T2HF --> fluid retention (ascites, pleural and pericardial effusions)
58
Presentation of trichomonas vaginalis
- vaginal discharge: offensive, yellow/green, forthy - vulvovaginitis - strawberry cervix - pH >4.5 - men: asymptomatic/urethritis
59
microscopy trichomonas vaginalis
motile trophozoites (seen on a wet mount)
60
presentation bacterial vaginosis
- PV discharge: offensive ('fishy'), thin/white discharge - vaginal pH >4.5 - non STI
61
Bacterial vaginosis microscopy
clue cells
62
63
classic presentation of infectious mononucleosis
sore throat pyrexia lymphadenopathy (ant and post triangles) Maculopapular, pruritic rash after amoxicillin use Other: hepatitis, transient rise in aLT; splenomegally; palatal petechia
64
diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis
heterophil antibody test (monospot test) in second week of illness
65
Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by E.coli
traveller watery stools abdominal cramps and nausea
66
Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by Giardiasis
Prolonged (2-6 weeks), non-bloody diarrhoea +/- malabsorption (causing steatorrhea)
67
Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by cholera
Profuse watery diarrhoea Severe dehydration w/ weight loss not common amongst travellers
68
Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by shigella
bloody diarrhoea vomiting and abdo pain
69
Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by staphylococcus aureus
severe vomiting short incubation period
70
Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by campylobacter
flu-like prodromed crampy abdominal pain, fever +/- blood in diarrhoea complication : Guillian-Barre
71
Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by bacilly cereus
2 types - vomiting w/in 6hrs, stereotypically due to rice - diarrhoeal illness ocurrign after 6hrs
72
Typical presentation of gastroenteritis caused by amoebiasis
gradual onset bloody diarrhoea, abdominal pain and tenderness last for several weeks (2-6 weeks) no malabsorption (steatorrhoea)
73
Typical presentation of pneumonia caused by legionella
- spread by air-conditioning systems (water tanks) - flu-like sx incl fever - dry cough - relative bradycardia - confusion - lymphopaenia - hyponatraemia - deranged LFts
74
Investigation findings of legionella pneumonia
Bloods - lymphopaenia, hyponatraemia, derranged LFTs CXR - mid-lower zone predominance of patchy consolidation + 40% show pleural effusions Diagnosis = urinary antigen
75
Complications of chronic hepatitis C
- rheum: arthralgia, arthritis - eyes : Sjorgren's syndrome - cirrhosis - 5-20% - hepatocellular Ca - cryoglobulinaemia type II (monoclonal and polylconal) - prophyria cutanea tarda (esp if with alcohol abuse) - membranproliferative glomerulonephritis
76
Fts of acute hepatitic C infection
- transient rise in serum aminotransferases/jaundice - fatigue - arthralgia
77
fts of rabies
animal bite (usually dog) in rural areas of Africa and Asia - prodrome = headache, fever, agitation - hydrophobia = water-provoking muscle spasms - hypersalivation - negri bodies: cyoplasmic inclusion bodies found in infected neurons
78
Treatment for rabies
immediate treatment - nearest Dr - if already immunized: 2 further doses + abx - if not immunized: human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) + full course of administered, if possible locally aroudn the wound
79
abx for prophylaxis for contacts of pts with meningococcal meningitis
oral ciprofloxacin
80

General med (14 decks)

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