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Peds/Geriatrics > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

most common causes of bacterial meningitis in neonate

A

group B strep and E. coli

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2
Q

skin signs most common with N. meningitidis

A

petechiae and purpura

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3
Q

tx bacterial meningitis

A

empiric abx therapy. in neonate- ampicillin, gentamycin, cefotaxime. in infant and children- 3rd generation cephalosporin and vancomycin

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4
Q

tx for Hib meningitis

A

dexamethasone

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5
Q

most common cause of viral meningitis

A

enterovirus

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6
Q

meningitis caued by HSV

A

manifests as encephalitis- poor prognosis

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7
Q

viral meningitis tx

A

empiricaly tx for bacterial meningitis until r/o. consider empiric therapy with acyclovir if associated encephalitis or suspect HSV infection

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8
Q

watery discharge from eye, burning, sandy, gritty feeling in eye, bumpy appearance of conjunctiva in R eye) after 2 days, L eye also affected. suspect

A

viral conjunctivitis

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9
Q

viral conjunctivitis most common pathogen

A

adenovirus

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10
Q

most common cause of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis, Strep pneumoniae

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11
Q

If gonorrheal conjunctiviits,

A

refer immediately

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12
Q

red R eye that has thick and purulent discharge. dx and tx?

A

bacterial conjunctiviits- erythromycin opthalmic ointment or polymyxin/trimethoprim drops

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13
Q

red, itchy eyes think

A

allergic conjunctivitis

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14
Q

sinus development

A

maxillary and ethmoid at birth. sphenoid develop at 5. frontal develop by age 7-8

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15
Q

common cold aka

A

viral rhinosinusitis

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16
Q

most common cause of common cold

A

rhinovirus

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17
Q

how many colds will my child get/year and how long will it last?

A

6-8 colds/year if under 6. symptoms last 14 days often

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18
Q

acute bacterial rhinosinusitis AND acute otitis media causes

A

strep pneumonia, H influenzae, m. catarrhalis

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19
Q

most important risk factor of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis

A

viral URI and allergic rhinitis

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20
Q

when do you suspect bacterial vs. viral cause of cold

A

id symptoms present for 10 or more days WITHOUT improvement

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21
Q

acute bacterial rhinosicnusitis tx

A

augmentin or 2nd gen cephalo - 1st line. doxycycline if PCN allergic

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22
Q

otitis externa pathogens

A

pseudomonas, s. epidermidis, s. aureus

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23
Q

acute otitis media dx

A

fluid in middle ear, acute signs of illness, sings or symptoms of middle ear inflammation

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24
Q

peak incidence of acute otitis media

A

6-18 months

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25
acute otitis media tx
amoxicillin x 10 days if child under 2. if over 2, treat for 5-7 days
26
recurrent acute otitis media definition
3 or more AOM well documented infections in last 6 months, or 4 or more episodes within 12 months
27
tx options for recurrent acute OM
abx prophylaxis or tympanostomy tubes
28
presence of middle ear effusion without acute signs and symptoms of infection, accompanied by conductive hearing loss
otitis media with effusion
29
most common cause of sore throat
viral tonsillopharyngitis caused by adenovirus, enterovirus
30
most common EBV infection
mono
31
strep throat aka
bacterial tonsillopharyngitis
32
most common cause of strep throat
group A strep
33
sore throat, anterior cervical adenopathy, pharyngeal exudate, scarlatiniform rash, palatal petechiae, fever/chills, myalgia, HA, N/V
bactieral tonsillopharyngitis
34
dx in mono vs. strep throat
mono- monospot, heterophile antibody test, IgG and IgM antibody testing, CBC, CMP. strep throat- rapid antigen detection test. if negative, obtain confirmatory throat culture
35
strep throat (group A strep tonsillopharngitis) tx
PCN or amoxicillin first line. erythromycin if PCN allergy
36
4 major complications of strep throat
sclarlet fever, rheumatic fever, poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
37
most commonly performed operation in children
adenotonsillectomy
38
absolute indications for adenotonsillectomy
airway obsturction, tumor, obstruction taht interferes with swallowing, and uncontrollable hemorrhage from tonsillar blood vessels
39
sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue, pastia's lines (bright red color in creases of underarm and groin)
scarlet fever
40
subcutaneous skin nodules, sydenham chorea, migratory inflammatory arthritis, erythema marginatum, carditis
rheumatic fever- occurs 14-28 days after strep throat or scarlet fever
41
major and minor diagnostic critera for Rheumatic fever
major- migratory arthritis involving large joints, carditis, erythema marginatum, subcutaneous skin nodules, sydenham chorea. minor- fever, elevated acute phase reactants, arthralgia, abnormal EDG
42
rheumatic fever diagnosis
elevated or rising antistreptolysin O antigen titer, postive rapid strep antigen/throat culture, elevated CRP, ESR, CBC- mild anemia
43
"thick gray pharyngeal membrane", marked cervical adenopathy after recent travel. life threatning condition of infectious pharyngitis
diphtheria
44
most common cause epiglottitis
H. influenze
45
epiglottis admit to hospital and what abx given
broad spectrum- 3rd gen ceph plus antistaph agent against MRSA
46
parotitis etiology
viral- mumps, parainfluenza, influenza A
47
bilateral swelling, pain just inferior to ear that worsens with chewing, fevers
parotitis
48
leading cause of hosp in younger kids
acute bronchiolitis
49
acute bronchiolitis pathogen
RSV
50
biggest risk factor a/w acute bronchiolitis
premature infant
51
acute bronchitis most commonly affects
infants less than 2
52
RSV difference in presentation younger vs.older
younger- Lower RI (bronchiolitis or pneumonia). if older- often URI (tracheobronchitis)
53
croup aka
laryngotracheitis
54
most common cause laryngotracheitis
parainfluenza virus type I
55
most common ages affected with croup
6-36 months
56
sudden onset of inspiratory stridor AT NIGHT and is of short duration and sudden cessation
spasmodic croup
57
pertussis- individual most contagious during
catarrhal stage and first 2 weeks of paroxysmal stage
58
3 phases in pertussis
catarrhal (nonspecific prodrome 1-2 weeks), paroxysmal (persistent coughing attacks 2-6 weeks), and convalescent (cough dec over several wks to months)
59
if abx is given early in pertussis, may be helpful. what kind:
if less than 1 month- azithromycin. otherwise, macrolides first choice (eryth, azith, clarith) or bactrum
60
most common pathogen in pneumonia
if neonate- group B strep. less than 5 infant - viral. . older than 5- S. pneumonia
61
HSV-1 referred to as
herpes labilias, aka cold sores
62
HSV-1 presents as__ in children
gingivostomatitis
63
HSV dx and tx
viral culture, viral serology. tx with antivirals and analgesia
64
does neonatal HSV infection have good prognosis
NO- high morbidity and mortality. . can result in hydrops fetalis and fetal in utero demise. prevention of maternal-fetal transmission important
65
3 categories of neonatral HSV infection
localized skin, eye, and mouth, central NS, and disseminated disease
66
high, high fever for 3-5 days followed by blaching maculopapular rash for 1-2 days
roseola infantum
67
peak incidence of roseola infantum
7-13 months of age
68
etioogy roseola infantum
herpes virus 6
69
widespread inflammation of medium and small sized blood vessels
kawasaki disease
70
most common symptom of kawasaki
fever
71
kawasaki dz tx
IVIG and ASA- best if administerd within 10 days
72
diagnostic criteria Kawasaki
Fever for 5 or more days a/w 4 of 5 following physical findings: conjunctivitis, oral mucous membrane changes (cracked lips, strawberry tongue, injected pharynx), peripheral extremity changes (desquamation, edema of hands/feet, erythema of palms/soles), polymorphous rash, cervical lymphadenopathy. should have ECHO at time of diagnosis and 6-8 wks after onset
73
glucocorticoids helpful in kawasaki?
NO
74
non specific symptoms followed by bright red cheeks, rash on arms and legs, and/or arthralgias
erythema infectiosum
75
erythema infectiosum aka
slapped cheek
76
erythema infectiousum caused by
human parvovirus B19
77
rash that clears from center outwards giving lacy apperaance
erythema infectiousum
78
measles aka
rubeola
79
koplik's spots or "grains of salt in red background"
tiny white spots inside mouth- measles
80
child with fever, malaise, cough, coryza, followed by maculopapular blanching rash beginnong on face and spreading cephalocaudally. also has grains of salt in red background inside mouth
measles
81
measles and mumps, rubella tx
supportive, symptomatic
82
viral infectious that starts with low grade fever and lymphadenopathy followed by maculopapular rash firs ton face spreading to trunk and extremities (3 day measles)
Rubella
83
is testing needed in rubella?
no, unless congenital infectious suspected or complications present
84
most frequent defect a/w congenital rubella infectious
hearing loss, then mental retardation, CV defects, ocular defects
85
what specific population is tested for rubella immunity
pregnant women
86
varicella zoster virus can cause 2 classically distint forms of disease
chickenpox (or varicella) or shingles (herpes zoster)
87
period of infectivity for chickenpox
2 days prior to onset of rash, until skin lesions have fully crusted
88
antivirals for varicella?
NO! unless complicated or unless over the age of 12
89
cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease
enterovirus- most commonly Coxsackie A16 virus
90
prodrome of fever, malaise, sore throat followed by skin rash on palms and soles, knees, elbows, and genital areas. alos has painful sores in mouth (herpangina)
hand, foot, and mouth disease
91
most significant cause of pediatric viral gastroenteritis worldwide
rotavirus
92
rotavirus vaccine
rotaTeq - 2, 4, 6 months. Rotarix- 2 and 4 months

Peds/Geriatrics (3 decks)

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