Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Phase 3a Paeds > Infectious diseases > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Flashcards

(133 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what is used to assess sepsis risk?

A

qSOFA
(Septic organ failure assessment)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the 3 criteria for qSOFA (sepsis risk assessment)?

A
  1. > 22 RR
  2. <15 GCS
  3. 100mmHg or less systolic
    at least 2 our of these 3 = RISK
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we assess a sick child?

A

according to traffic light system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what sections are assess in the traffic light system?

A

CARChO
- Colour
- Activity
- RR
- Circulation / hydration
- Other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is in the green section of the traffic light system?

A

Colour:
Normal colour

Activity:
-Responds normally to social cues
-Smiles/content
-stays awake or quickly awakens
-Strong normal crying/not crying

Resp rate normal

Circulation + Hydration:
-Normal eyes
-moist mucous membranes

Other:
-None of the amber or red Sx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is in the amber section of the traffic light system?

A

Colour:
-Pallor - reported by parent/carer

Activity:
-Not responding normally to social cues
-No smile
-wakes only with prolonged stimulation
-decreased activity

Resp:
-nasal flaring
-Tachypnoea:
RR>50, 6-12 months
RR >40, >12 months
-Oxygen sats 95% or less on air
-crackles in chest

Circulation + hydration:
-Tachycardia:
>160bpm, <12 months
>150bpm, 12-24 months
>140bpm, 2-5y
-CRT 3+
-Dry mucous membranes
-Poor feeding in infants
-Reduced urine output

Other:
-age 3-6months + 39+*C
-Fever for 5+ days
-Rigors
-Swelling
-Non weight bearing limb/joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is in the red section of the traffic light system?

A

Colour:
-Pale/mottles/ashen/blue

Activity:
-No response to social cues
-Appears ill to a healthcare professional
-Does not wake or if roused doesn’t stay awake
-weak, high pitched cry

RR:
-Grunting
-Tachypnoea:
RR>60
-Moderate or severe chest indrawing

circulation + hydration:
-Reduced tissue turgor

Other:
-Age <3 months, temp 38+*C
-Non blanching rash
-Bulging fontanelle
-Neck stiffness
-Status epilepticus
-Seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the next steps for Low, moderate and severe risk in the traffic light system?

A

Low = safety net along

Moderate = + F2F assessment to judge admission or not

Severe = Urgent admission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is Kawasaki disease?
ages it affects?
Ethnicity it affects?

A

Medium cell vasculitis

under 5y/o

Males, asian (Japanese + Korean) + afrocarribean

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sx of Kawasaki disease?

A

CRASH + BURN
-At least 4 out of 5 CRASH
Conjunctivitis (Bilateral)
Rash - maculopapular rash (widespread)
Adenopathy - anterior cervical LN
Strawberry tongue + mucosal involvement
Hands + feet - desquamation (skin peeling)

BURN, At least 5 days 39*C fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 phases of Kawasakis?

A

Acute phase (1-2 weeks) - fever, rash, LNadenopathy

Subacute phase (2-4 weeks) - Sx settle, desquamation + risk of coronary artery aneurysm

Convalescent stage (2-4 weeks) - remaining Sx settle + blood markers slowly normalise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Dx of Kawasaki?

A

Bloods = FBC (Low Hb, High WCC + Plt)
LFT = Low albumin, High AST/ALT
High ESR
Urinalysis = High WCC (no infection)
ECHO = CA pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tx of Kawasaki?

A

IV IG (Sx improvement + lower CA aneurysm risk)

High dose aspirin (anti inflammatory + reduce thrombosis risk)

Do serial ECHO 2w onwards = 20% Px have coronary artery aneurysm as a complication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why is aspirin usually CI?
what does it cause?

A

Reye syndrome
Neurohepatic Sx (brain + liver swelling) = encephalitis/AMS, Jaundice, seizures/LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is VZV?
What 2 conditions does it cause?
in what age?

A

Vericella zoster virus (herpes virus)

Causes:
- Varicella (chicken pox)
-Herpes zoster (shingles)

> 5% children by 5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how is chicken pox spread?

A

Resp (airborne)
Direct contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the Sx of chicken pox?
Prodrome?

A

Contagious 4 days before - exanthema (rash) - 5 days after (incubation period = 3 weeks)

Prodrome =
Fever (1st Sx), Itch, general fatigue, malaise

Macular - papular - vesicular - crusting (widespread erythematous raised vesicular fluid filled lesions) - start at trunk or face to whole body in 2-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when is chicken pox no longer infectious?

A

When the rash has crusted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Dx of chicken pox?

A

Clinical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Tx of chicken pox?

A

Self limiting, supportive
Acyclovir if severe (immunocompromised)
Itchy = calamine lotion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How long is school exclusion in chicken pox?

A

5 days post exanthem (crusted over)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Complications of shingles?

A

Dormant VZV, reactivates in immunocompromised, dermatomal scarring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is a main complication of VZV and what does it cause?

A

Ramsey hunt
Encephalitis, Foetal varicella (cutaneous scars, limb defect, eyes/CNS abnormalities), pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what should NOT be given in VZV and why?

A

DO NOT GIVE NSAIDS in VZV - can precipitate necrotising fasciitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Is measles notifiable to PHE?
Yes
26
What is Measles caused by? How is it spread? Contagious? Incubation period?
Morbillivirus (RNA Paramyxoviridae) Spreads via resp droplets Very contagious 10-14 day incubation
27
Sx of measles?
Prodromal (3-5days) Cough Coryza Conjunctivitis (+ 10% diarrhoea) Then exanthem (macular papular face + trunk rash) Buccal koplik spots (Pathagnomic white buccal mucosa spots)
28
Dx of measles?
Clinical IgM/G
29
Tx of measles? School exclusion? when is it no longer contagious?
School exclusion 4 days after rash (not contagious) Notify PHE MMR vaccine <72hrs Contact management
30
What are the MC complications of measles?
Otitis media!!!!! Encephalitis, SPSE, Febrile convulsions
31
what is the MC cause of death in measles?
Pneumonia
32
In measles, where does exanthem affect? what also affects the child 1 week later?
Exanthem = behind ears to trunk + body Desquamation on palms + soles = 1 week later
33
what is mumps caused by? what does it affect? how is it spread? what ages are usually affected? what time of year?
RNA Pymyxovirus Salivary + parotid glands Resp droplets + direct contact spread 15-20y Winter, spring
34
is mumps notifiable to PHE?
Yes
35
Sx of mumps?
Fever, malaise, muscular pain, Parotitis (parotid gland swelling) - U/L initially B/L in 70%
36
Incubation period of mumps?
12-25 days
37
Dx of mumps?
PCR on saliva swab Blood/saliva serology = mumps viral Abs ECG changes (15%) = ST-T depression, T inversion, PR prolongation
38
Tx of Mumps? School exclusion? Prophylaxis?
Supportive (Rest and analgesia) Notify PHE School exclusion 5 days after parotitis Prophylaxis = MMR
39
Complication of Mumps?
Orchitis (1/3 Px) Meningitis Pancreatitis
40
What is rubella caused by? how is it spread? what is it also called? is it a severe or mild disease? when does it usually occur?
Togavirus Resp droplets 'German measles' Mild disease Winter + spring
41
is Rubella notifiable to PHE?
Yes
42
Sx of rubella?
Prodrome: Low grade fever, sore throat, Coryza Then -Exanthem (macular papular rash), --Arthralgia -Forsccheimer spots (small, red spots on the soft palate, occasionally preceding a rash) -LNadenopathy 2 weeks after exanthem (post auricular, suboccular)
43
Dx of rubella?
IgG titre
44
Tx of rubella? School exclusion time?
Supportive 4 days after exanthem , go back to school Notify PHE
45
Complications of rubella?
1/3 = Cytokine release syndrome (SNHL + B/L cataract + PDA + BM rash) Encephalitis
46
Is hand foot and mouth notifiable to PHE?
No
47
What is hand foot and mouth caused by? ages affected?
Coxsackie A16 virus <5y/o
48
Sx of hand foot and mouth?
Mild URTI (upper resp tract infect) 1-2 days = small mouth ulcers Blistering red painful vesicular lesions +/- itchy on hands, feet, mouth, tongue + buttocks
49
Dx of hand foot and mouth?
Clinical
50
Tx of hand foot and mouth? exclusion from school?
Supportive, fluids, PRN analgesia No exclusion from school
51
what is slapped cheek also called?
Erythema infectiosum 5th disease
52
cause of slapped cheek syndrome? transmission? what time of year?
Parovirus B19 Resp secretions, vertical transmission, transfusions Spring
53
Sx of slapped cheek syndrome?
1 week preceding = Fever, malaise, headache, myalgia 2-5 days = rose red rash on both cheeks - progresses to macular papular rash on trunk and limbs
54
Tx of slapped cheek syndrome?
supportive
55
what can parvovirus B19 precipitate if baby has preexisting haemolytic anemia?
Aplastic crisis Foetal hydrops fetalis
56
What is roseola caused by?
HHV - 6 (+ HHV-7)
57
Sx of roseola? age affected?
2-3y/o with high grade fever (>40^C) then lace like rash (NOT ITCHY) on arms, legs + trunk Cold, dissapears for a few days then rash
58
Tx of roseola?
Supportive
59
Complication of roseola?
febrile convulsion
60
In a febrile convulsion in roseola, what would you do if: Drowsy >2hrs? Simple? complex?
Drowsy >2hr = refer simple = 1st seizure <5m Complex = >5m or multiple
61
Is scarlet fever notifiable to PHE?
Yes
62
What is Scarlett fever caused by? what can it cause?
Reaction to strep pyogenes toxin (exotoxin B, C, F) Pharyngitis (tonsillitis, strawberry tongue, forchheimer spots - red spots on soft palate)
63
Peak ages of scarlet fever? how is it spread?
2-6y/o (<10y/o) peak age 4y/o Spread via inhalation of resp droplets, direct contact with nose/throat discharge
64
Sx of scarlet fever?
Fever (24-48hrs) Sandpaper red/pink rash from trunk outwards, strawberry tongue, cervical LNadenopathy, exudative tonsils
65
Dx of scarlet fever?
Throat swab (but start Abx) ASOT
66
Tx of scarlet fever? school exclusion time?
PO Penoxymethylpenicillin 10 days school exclusion until 24hr post Abx
67
Complications of scarlet fever?
quinsy otitis media post strep glomerulonephritis Rheumatic fever
68
S.aureus + S.pyogenes cause which 4 diseases?
Impetigo Cellulitis Necrotising fascitis Staph scolded skin syndrome (SSSS)
69
What is impetigo? caused by? how is it spread? age? where can it be caught?
Superficial bacterial skin infection s.aureus + s.pyogenes - direct contact with Px <10y at daycare warm weather
70
what is the main symptom in impetigo? when is it not infectious? school exclusion?
Honey crusted perioral lesions When dry = non infectious crusted over or 2 days after Abx
71
what are the 2 types of impetigo and which is MC and LC? Describe each and Sx?
Bullous (LC): More severe, always s.aureus Non bullous (MC): Around nose/mouth, exudate dries, golden crust (no systemic Sx)
72
Dx of impetigo?
Swabs of vesicles +/- exudate post Abx rash
73
Tx of impetigo?
1. 1% hydrogen peroxide cream 2. topical fusidic acid 3. PO Flucoxicillin
74
what is CI in impetigo?
Clarythromycin
75
what is cellulitis? caused by?
SC + Dermal group A strep infection LL calf
76
Sx of cellulitis?
Shiny erythematous oedematous poorly defined
77
what is the severity classification used in cellulitis?
Eron classification 1-4
78
Dx of cellulitis?
R/O DVT (bloods, D-dimer)
79
Tx of cellulitis?
Flucoxacillin MRSA = Vancomycin/gentamycin
80
what is necrotising fascitis? caused by? RF?
Invasive group A transdermal total infection RF = immunocompromised, skin condition, SGLT-2 use
81
Sx of necrotising fascitis?
Pain disproportionate to appearance (then >24hr = gangrene, high fever|)
82
Tx of necrotising fascitis?
surgical debridement IV Flucloxacillin
83
what is staph scalded skin syndrome? caused by? MC? RF?
<1y/o desquamating rash due to epidemolytic toxins Can be MC = S.Aureus or Invasive Group A strep Immunocompromised, CKD
84
Sx of staph scalded skin syndrome?
Nikolsky +ve - (rubbing = skin peels off) Erytheroderma (+90%) No mucosal involvement Systemic Sx
85
Dx and Tx of staph scalded skin syndrome?
GS = skin biopsy ABCDE in hosp, IV Fluid + Abx (flucloxacillin)
86
what is Steven Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis? what is the difference?
T4 hypersensitivity (SJS<10% skin, TEN >10% ~30%)
87
RF for Steven Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis? Causes?
Drugs MC Lamotrigine!!! Carbamezapine (anti epileptics) Allopurinol Beta lactam NSAIDs Other = EBV, malignancy, HIV
88
Sx of Steven Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis?
Erythroderma Nikolsky +ve, 2+ mucosal surfaces - mouth, pharynx, urethra, rectum, vagina, eyes Targeted lesions
89
Dx of Steven Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis?
GS = skin biopsy Blood = Low RBC, low WCC, low platelet, High IgE LFTs
90
what score is used in Steven Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis and what does it assess?
Scorten 7 = evaluates morality in SJS/TEN
91
Tx of Steven Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis?
Supportive Admit + IV fluid Analgesia eye care (daily opthamology review)
92
What is toxic shock syndrome? caused by?
Invasive group A strep (s.pyogenes) Staph aureus
93
who does toxic shock syndrome affect? scenario?
Teen girls with prolonged tampon use / menstrual cup (up to 50y) Exposed wound infection, contraceptive diaphragm, post birth
94
Sx of toxic shock syndrome?
Fever 39^c+ Hypotension <90mmHg systolic Diffuse erythematous rash Desquamation of palms + soles
95
Dx of toxic shock syndrome?
Bloods, swabs, BP, ECG, Urine dip
96
Tx of toxic shock syndrome?
ITU; ABCDE, Remove tampon (if still in) Advice = use pads Sepsis 6 = including fluclox, IV fluids, Abx
97
toxic shock syndrome: Involvement of 3+ organ systems (damaged), what Sx do you get?
AKS Deranged LFT Clotting changes
98
what are the 2 types of HSV?
1 AND 2
99
HSV 1 affects where? Sx?
affects HEAD (oral ulcers + encephalitis)
100
HSV 2 Affects where? Sx?
affects Genetalia (genital ulcers)
101
Complication of HSV?
eczema herpeticum - superimposed HSV on eczematous skin
102
what is erythema multiforme?
Rash (target lesion)
103
What is TB? Caused by? Spread how? where?
T4 hypersensitivity infection by mycobacterium tuberculosis (acid fast bacillus) - ziehl Neilson stain Spread via saliva drops Africa + asia (India + china)
104
What is the pathology of TB?
1^ Ghon focus (granuloma, upper RHL) 1^ Ghon complex (+ LN) Millary (systemic) or latent (Asx - immune system encapsulates bacteria)
105
Sx of TB? Resp and systemic?
Resp = haemoptysis, weight loss, night sweats, fever, sputum Systemic = meningitis, scrofulous (skin + LN infection), spondylitis, Addisons
106
Dx of latent TB?
Mantoux skin test
107
Dx for active TB?
1. Chest xray (bilateral hilar infiltrates, RUL consolidation, pleural effusion) GS. Sputum MC + S
108
Tx of TB?
RIPE
109
What does RIPE stand for? how long is each given for? SE of each?
Rifampicin 6m, Red secretion Isoniazid 6m, peripheral neuropathy (give pyridoxine) Pyrazinamide 2m, hepatitis, gout Ethambutol 2m, optic neuritis
110
What prophylaxis can be given for TB? when?
Bacillus calmette - guerin vaccine, if at risk at birth
111
is TB and polio notifiable to Public Health England?
yes
112
Polio ASx in how many Px? spread? 1% causes? Complication?
ASx in 70-90% Feco-oral spread 1% = anterior horn disease = flaccid paralysis Comp = bulbar palsy
113
Dx of polio? Tx? Prophylaxis?
Dx = viral swab, IgG Tx = Supportive Prophylaxis = IPV (3 in 1, 4 in 1, 6 in 1)
114
What is diptheria caused by? Spread? mainly affects where?
Corynebacterium diptheriae (bacteria), only when infected by bacteriophage - produce diphtheria toxin Resp spread mainly affects nose + throat
115
Sx of diphtheria?
Fever Pseudomembrane (grey) on tonsils / throat Bullneck Swollen glands (LN) in neck Pseudomembranous croup
116
Dx of diphtheria?
+ve ELEK test (toxin isolated) + grows on Loeffler Meoia
117
Tx of diphtheria? prophylaxis?
DAT (antitoxin) PO azithromycin DTaP vaccine
118
what are 2 complications of diphtheria?
neuritis + myocarditis
119
What is scabies? transmission?
T4 hypersensitivity vs sarcoptes scabiei protein - skin to skin transmission
120
Sx of scabies?
Longitudinal burrows therefore severe itch (between finger webs, worse at night + in warmth)
121
what is the itchy rash in scabies caused by?
10-15 mites
122
Dx of scabies?
Ink burrow test +ve
123
Tx of scabies?
Permethrin cream + hygiene advice to all household 6+ months
124
Complication of scabies? Tx?
Crusted norweigen scabies (1000+ mites) Tx = Inpatient + ivermectin Nodular scabies = penile + groin
125
What is Henloch Schonlein purpura?
IgA mediated small cell vasculitis = inflammation = affecting skin + joints + GI tract + kidneys
126
Age of getting Henloch Schonlein purpura? M or F? Peaks when? post?
<10y/o M>F Peaks during winter months Post URTI or gastroenteritis
127
Sx of Henloch Schonlein purpura?
Purpura (100%): Legs to buttocks Joint pain (75%) = knees / ankles Abdo pain (50%) Renal (50%) = IgA nephritis, H/Puria
128
Dx of Henloch Schonlein purpura?
Exclude Ddx of non blanching rash: FBC / Blood film (sepsis/leukemia) Renal profile Albumin (nephrotic) CRP Urine dip BP Monitor urine dip for renal involvement (+ BP for htn)
129
Tx of Henloch Schonlein purpura? prognosis?
Supportive - analgesia for arthralgia Good, self limiting
130
Complications of Henloch Schonlein purpura?
Renal (20-55%) = Glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome GI (50-75%) = Bowel infarction, intussusseption, GI haem, bowel perf
131
What is molluscum contagiosum due to? Sx? Tx?
POX virus Fleshy umbilical papule occurring in crops Sx = raised itchy ring, erythamtous rash Self limiting
132
What is ringworm caused by? Sx? Tx?
Fungi Trichophyton (tines corporis) Raised itchy ring shaped erythematous rash Tx = ketonazole shampoo
133
what is Lyme disease caused by? spread how? Sx? early and late Tx?
Borelia (-ve spirochete) Spread by ticks Early = Bulls eye (erythema migrans) Late = Neuroborreliosis + joint involvement Tx = PO doxycycline

Phase 3a Paeds (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions