Infectious Diseases... Flashcards
(43 cards)
________ disease (infectious or non-infectious) is a pathology, which is characteristic within a population of particular territory. ________ infectious diseases are usually due to special environmental territorial factors, like, for example, a survival & breading of vectors
Endemic
________ is the term for a microscopic cellular rosette, characteristic for granulomatous inflammation
Granuloma
_________ is a process of a biological “mesh” formation as a first step of healing
Granulation
An_________ period: is a silent (subclinical) period of an infectious disease, which is a period of time btwn the pathogen transmission & 1st non-specific s&s (prodromal period)
Incubation
_________ period of some chronic infectious diseases is a period of time when the infected individual already experienced prodromal period but stopped manifesting any clinical s&s, while still being a host of a pathogen.
Latent
__________ is caused by a pathogen Variola virus/sub acute Panencephalitis, has nose discharge aka “Coryza” & is more dangerous. – “______ _______” is a lay term addressing Rubella virus infection, cytopathic effect of clumping epithelial cells together/ necrosis of epithelial & has no meningitis component.
Measles/Rubeola; German Measles/Rubella
Nosocomial disease versus community-acquired disease. Iatrogenic disease.
Nosocomial disease = acquired by medical instruments or in a hospital facility. Applies to any disease contracted by a patient while under medical care.
Community acquired disease = an infection contracted outside of a health care setting or an infection present on admission, commonly involve strains of Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae & are usually more antibiotic sensitive.
Latrogenic = caused by treatment or diagnostic procedures. An iatrogenic disorder is a condition that is caused by medical personnel or procedures or that develops through exposure to the environment of a health care facility
A _______ is an animate source that aids in
the transmission of an infectious disease: Tick Ixodus dominini is a ___ for Lyme transmission; flies are _____ for E. coli transmission. Mosquitos are a ____ for Malaria.
Vector
__________ transmission requires a vector participation in a biological cycle of an infectious agent. Ex.: Mosquito Anopheles transmit causative factor of Malaria, a parasite
Plasmodium malariae. Partially the biological cycle of this parasite’s development takes place w/i a mosquito.
Biological transmission
Major characteristics of bacteria versus viruses ……
Bacteria = have potential for nucleus but rather have a nucleolus. bacteria = intra cellular OR extracellular VIRUS = strictly intracellular & have DNA or RNA inside
Chickenpox versus Shingles
different age vesicles in chicken pox & appears around entire body - in shingles all vesicles are the same age & appear along dermotomes
(epidemic parotitidis) is a viral disease of the humans. Painful swelling of the salivary glands (classically the parotid gland) is the most typical presentation. Painful testicular inflamm with swelling (orchitis) & pancreatitis may also occur. The symptoms are generally not severe in children. In post-pubertal men, complications such as infertility are more common, although still rare in absolute terms. The disease is generally self-limited, running its course before
receding, with no specific treatment apart from controlling the symptoms with pain meds.
Mumps – contagious disease transmitted through contact with resp secretions such as saliva from an infected person. Mumps can also be spread by sharing food and drinks.
The virus can also survive for a short time on surfaces and then be spread after contact in a similar manner. A person infected with mumps is contagious from approx. 6 days before the onset of symptoms until about 9 days after symptoms start. The incubation period (time until symps begin) is most likely 16–18 days.
There is a period of _______ prior to Incubation period.
Silence
Order of stages for Infectious diseases: Stage 0 _____ ==> _____ period ==> _____period/1st entry non-spec. S&S ==> _____ period unspec. S&S ==> _____ period Specific S&S ==> _____ period - silence ==> _____ period - recovery
0 Point ==> Silence period ==> Incubation period/1st entry non-specific S&S ==> Prodromal period unspecific S&S ==> Acute period Specific S&S ==> Latent period - silence ==> Convalesence period - recovery
Most important thing in disease control is: …
washing you hands - anti-bacterial only glues bacteria to hands
_________ disease is transmissible from one host to another. Mostly applied to a human-to-human transmission.
Communicable
A _______ disease: is highly communicable: spreads rapidly & affects large populations.
Contagious
________ disease: spreads at random as only few scarcely distributed geographically cases.
Sporadic
________ disease: When the rate of spreading /transmission is more than sporadic.
Epidemic
_________ disease: This term could be applied to non-infectious diseases or infec. diseases, which are not transmitted between hosts. Rather they are acquired via food poisoning (botulism) or soil, animal hides or dander (anthrax).
Non-communicable
_______ factors = “tools”, which micro organisms utilize to cause a process of infectious disease w/i the host’s organism (toxins, adherent molecules, enzymes, capsules, that makes them “untouchable”, methods of locomotion etc…
Virulence factors.
_____ are Incomplete viruses (Ex, Hepatitis D virus needing Hep B): Consist only of a short circular RNA piece. Do not have a protective protein coat.
Viroids
_____ are very unusual agents, responsible for at least 6 neurodegenerative diseases in humans & animals. Composed solely of infectious protein. Do not have any genetic material (neither DNA or RNA). Cause Mad Cow disease in livestock; Croitzfelld-Jacob encephalitis in humans.
Prions
______ are Unicellular parasites. They are eukaryotes (meaning, they have a true nucleus. Replicate by sporulation or budding. They are causative factors of many fungal infections.
Fungi
