Infectious Diseases Flashcards
(64 cards)
1
Q
A
Scarlet Fever rash
2
Q
A
Erysipelas
3
Q
A
Impetigo
4
Q
Jones Criteria: Major Criteria (5)
A
- Carditis
- Erythema marginatum
- Subcutaneous nodules
- Sydenham’s chorea
- Arthritis
5
Q
Jones Criteria: Minor Criteria (7)
A
- Fever
- Polyarthralgias
- Reversible prolongation of the PR interval
- Rapid ESR
- Elevated CRP
- Leukocytosis
- History of rheumatic fever
6
Q
Streptococcal pharyngitis: Management
A
Penicillin G or VK, Augmentin. Macrolides if PCN allergic. Clindamycin
7
Q
Impetigo: Management
A
Topical Mupirocin (Bactroban) treatment of choice.
PO keflex, erythromycin, clindamycin
8
Q
Cellulitis: Managment
A
- Cephalexin, dicloxacillin
- Clindamycin or erythromycin (if PCN allergic)
- MRSA: Bactrim 2nd best PO med for MRSA; clindamycin, doxycycline, vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid
9
Q
Erysipelas: Management
A
IV PCN. Vancomycin (if PCN allergic or MRSA suspected)
10
Q
Cat bite: Management
A
- Augmentin
- If PCN allergic –> Clindamycin + (Moxifloxacin or Bactrim)
11
Q
Necrotizing fasciitis (Flesh eating disease): Management
A
- Surgical debridement + broad spectrum abx (ex: Unasyn, Zozyn, imipenem)
12
Q
Osteomyelitis: Management
A
Nafcillin or Oxacillin (+/- Unasyn, Zosyn, Imipenem)
FQs if sickle cell disease
13
Q
Septic Arthritis: Management
A
- Arthrotomy + abx. If gram positive –> Nafcillin, Vanco, Clindamycin. If gram negative –>ceftriaxone
14
Q
Diphtheria: Management
A
- Diphtheria antitoxin (horse serum) + erythromycin or penicillin x 2 weeks
- Erythromycin is given to close contacts
15
Q
A
Erysipeloid
16
Q
Erysipeloid: Management
A
- Penicillin G, cephalosporin, clindamycin (Good gram positive coverage)
17
Q
Tetanus: Management
A
- Metronidazole or PCN G + Tetanus immune globulin (ex: 5,000 units)
- Diazepam (Benzos used to reduce spasms)
18
Q
Gas Gangrene: Management
A
- Penicillin 2 million units q3h IV
- Tetracycline, clindamycin, metronidazole
19
Q
Botulism: Management
A
- Antitoxins in all cases*. Respiratory support: intubation if respiratory failure
- Cathartics to remove toxins. No abx in foodbourne type (may worsen)
- Antibiotics ONLY used in wound botulism: PCN G, chloramphenicol, clindamycin
20
Q
Listeriosis: Management
A
IV Ampicillin tx of choice* + gentamicin (synergistic). Bactrim
21
Q
Chlamydia: Management
A
1 g Azithromycin (one time dose) or Doxycycline 100mg bid for 10 days. Re-test in 3 weeks to ensure clearance of the organism. Also tx for gonorrhea.
22
Q
Gonorrhea: Management
A
Ceftriaxone 250mg IM, Cefixime. Tx for chlamydia
23
Q
Meningiococcal meningitis: Management
A
Penicillin G tx of choice*. Chloramphenicol, 3rd generation cephalosporin
24
Q
Meningococcal meningitis: Prophylaxis
A
Ciprofloxacin or Rifampin
25
Chancroid: Management
1. Azithromycin 1 g x 1 dose
2. Ceftriaxone 250mg IM
3. Erythromycin
4. Cipro
26
Cat Scratch Disease: Management
1. Self-limiting usually requiring sxatic therapy (antipyretics, analgesics, warm compresses)
2. If moderate disease: Azithromycin; amoxicillin or doxycycline
3. Severe --\> Rifampin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin IM
27
Pertussis (Whooping Cough): Management
1. Erythromycin drug of choice
2. Bactrim 2nd line agent
3. Treatment is generally ineffective @ changing clinical course but decreases contagiousness
28
Haemophilus Influenzae: Management
1. Amoxicillin, augmentin (if positive for beta lactamase), FQ, bactrim
2. IV ceftriaxone for epiglottitis, pneumonia, and meningitis
29
Tularemia: Management
1. **Streptomycin drug of choice\***
2. Gentamicin
3. Doxycycline
30
Brucellosis: Management
**Doxycycline + Rifampin** and/or streptomycin and/or gentamicin
31
Hot tub folliculitis: Management
1. Usually resolves within 7-14 days without treatment
2. **Ciprofloxacin** PO if persistent
32
Anthrax: Management
**1. Ciprofloxacin for tx and exposure\***.
2. Doxycycline, Rifampin + Macrolide, clindamycin
33
Plague: Management
1. Streptomycin or gentamicin\*
2. Doxycycline 2nd line
3. Strict respiratory isolation for @ least 48 hours after initiating abx therapy
34
Plague: post exposure prophylaxis
Doxycycline or tetracycline
35
Syphilis: Management
Penicillin G tx of choice\*
Tetracyclines, macrolides, ceftriaxone if PCN allergic
36
Lyme Disease: Management
1. **Doxycycline\***; Amoxicillin (DOC in children \<9y) x2-3 weeks, cefuroxime
2. IV ceftriaxone if 2nd/3rd AVB, syncope, dyspnea, chest pain or CNS disease (other than Bell's palsy)
37
Lyme Disease: Prophylaxis
1. Doxycycline within 72 hours if Ixodes tick @ least 36 hours and \>20% ticks infected in area
38
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever: Management
Doxycycline (even in children\*), chloramphenicol
39
Amebiasis: Management
**Metronidazole**; Tinidazole, Paromomycin (anti-parasitic aminoglycoside)
40
Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Management
Biguanides, chlorhexadine, propamidine, neomycin-polymyxin
41
Malaria: Management
**Chlorquine\***, quinidine; **Atovaquone** (with doxycycline or clindamycin) if multi drug resistant area\*
42
Babesiosis: Management
Atovaquone + Azithromycin OR Clindamycin + Quinine
43
Taxoplasmosis: Management
1. Sulfadiazene (or clindamycin) + Pyrimethamine (with folinic acid/leucovorin to prevent bone marrow suppression and reduce nephrotoxicity)
2. Spiramycin if pregnant
44
Taxoplasmosis: Prophylaxis
Pyrimethamine, Sulfadiazene, Leucovorin. **Bactrim**
45
Enterobiasis (Pinworm): Management
**Albendazole**, mebendazole.
Pyrantel 2nd line (not used in children \<2y)
46
Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis): Management
Nifurtimox for 90-120 days depending on age. Benznidazole
47
African Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness): Management
Infectious disease consult
48
Trichinosis (Trichenellosis): Management
1. Mild cases: Most cases are mild and self-limiting and require only symptomatic treatment (analgesia and antipyretics)
2. Severe cases: albendazole or mebendazole (antiparasitic with steroids)
49
Ascariasis (roundworm): Management
Mebendazole, Albendazole; Pyrantel if pregnant (given after 1st trimester)\*
50
Leishmaniasis: Management
Infectious disease consult
51
Ehrlichiosis: Management
**Doxycycline**, Rifampin. Chloramphenicol
52
Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC): Management
**Clarithromycin + Ethambutol\*** @ least 12 months (+/- rifampin)
53
Mycobacterium Kansaii: Management
Rifampin + Ethambutol
54
Mycobacterium Marinum: Management
Tetracyclines, FQ, Macrolides, Sulfonamides for 4-6 weeks
55
Leprosy (Hansen Disease): Management
1. Lepromatous: Dapsone, Rifampin, clofazimine x 2-3 years
2. Tuberculoid: Dapsone + Rifampin 6-12 months followed by Dapsone x 2 years
56
Herpes Keratitis: Management
Antiviral eye drops (ex: trifluridine, vidarabine, acyclovir) + PO acyclovir
57
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 and 2: Management
Acyclovir (IV for encephalitis), Valacyclovir, Famcyclovir
58
Cytomegalovirus: Management
**_Ganciclovir_** treatment of choice\* or Foscarnet, Cidofovir
59
Chicken Pox: Management
Symptomatic Treatment
60
Shingles: Management
Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, Famciclovir (given within 72 hours to prevent PHN)
61
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: Management
PO antivirals (may add trifluridine, acyclovir, vidarabine ophthalmic)
62
Ramsay Hunt syndrome: Management
Oral acyclovir and corticosteroids
63
Post-herpetic neuralgia: Management
Gabapentin or TCA. Topical (lidocaine gel, capsaicin)
64
