Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step3 > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

(118 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

MSSA
IV
Oral

A

Iv: oxacillin/naffillin or cetazolin (1 st gen cephalosporin

Oral: dicloxacillin or cephalexin (1st gen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mrsa
severe infection
Minor infection

A

Severe infection : vancomycin, linelozid, daptomycin, ceftaroline, tigecycline, telavancin

Minor: TMP/Smx, clindamycn Or doxy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Linezolid s/e

A

Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Daptomycin s/e

A

Myopathy

Rising CPK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

PCN allergy

Rash
Anaphylaxis
Severe infection
Minor infection

A

Rash; safe to use ceph
Anaphylaxis: macrolides ))(azithro, clarityromyxin) Or clindamycin

Severe: vanc, linezolid, daptomycin, televancin

Minor; macrolides like azithro, clarithro
Or clarithro,TMP/smx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Streptococcus meds

A

PCN
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Blue box

A

If the organism is sensitive, pxacillin and nafcillin are superior to vanc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Exceptions

A

Ertapanem is the only carbapanem that does not cover pseudomonas

Piperacillin and Ticarcillin also covèr streptococcus And anaerobes

Levofloxacin, gemifloxafin and moxifloxacin are excellent! Pneumococcal drugs

Aminoglycosides work Synergistically with other agents to treat Staphylococcus and enterococcus

Carbapanems are Excellent! anti anaerobic meds. They cover streptococcus and mssa

Tigecycline covers Mrsa and is broadly active against gram neg bacilli. Tigecycline is weaker than other Mrsa drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GI anaerobes (bacteroides)

A

Metronidazole is the Best! Med for abdominal anaerobes but carcapanems, pipercacillon, And ticarcillin are equal in efficacy compared to metronidazole

Climdamycin! Is the Best drug for anaerobic streptococcus

Meds with no anaerobic coverage: Aminoglycosides, Aztreonam, fluoroquinolones oxac/nafcillin and all cephalosporins except cefoxitin and cefotetAn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

VAnco: red man syndrome

What to do

A

Slow the rAte or infusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antiviral agents

A

Acyclovir valcyclovir And famciclovir (herpes simplex , varicella) Are All equal in efficacy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CMV

A

Fiscarnet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

CMV retinitis

A

Valganciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Valganciclovir And gAnciclovir s/e

A

Neutropenia And bone marrow suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Foscarnet s/e

A

Renal toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Chronic hep c oral agents

A

Simeprevir
Sofosbuvir
Ledipasvir
Boceprevir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Hep c treatment in combination with interferon

A

Ribavirin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ribavirin s/e

A

Anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Chronic hep b meds

A 
Lamivudine
Interferon 
Adefovir
Tenofovir
Entecavir
Telbigudine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Itracanozole

A

Rarely the best initial therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Voriconazole

A

Best against Aspergillus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Voriconazole s/e

A

Some visual disturbance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Echinocandins like caspofungin
Micafungin
Anidulafungin

A

Excellent! Neutropenic fever patients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Fact about Echinocandins

A

They have no .s/e because they effect the 1,3 glucan synthesis step in fungi cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Amphoterecin indications
Cryptococcus | Mucormycosis
26
Aspergillus
Voriconazole
27
Neutropenic fever pts
Echinocandins
28
Amphotericin s/e
``` Renal toxicity (switch to liposomal amphotericin Met acidosis Hypokalemia fever shakes and chills ```
29
Osteomyelitis what comorbodities?
Diabetes Peripheral arterial disease Or both with an ulcer or soft tissue infection
30
OSteomyelitis Best initial Best second Most accurate
Plain x Ray MRI Bone biopsy and culture
31
Earliest finding on x Ray on osteomyelitis
Periosteal elevation
32
Osteomyelitis ccs
Move clock forward to get x Ray results unless they are negative
33
Osteomyelitis follows response to therapy
ESR
34
Greater sensitivity; mri or bone scan?
They are Equal! MRI is way more specific though
35
Osteomyelitis treatment
Staphylococcus: most common IV oxacillin or nafcillin MRSA: vancomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline or Daptomycin
36
Osteomyelitis blue box
To treat osteomyelitis appropriately, a Bx or culture needs to be performed
37
Otitis externa | Swimmers eAr
``` Ofloxacin Ciprofloxacin Polymyxin/neomycin + Topical hydrocortisone to decrease swelling + Acetic avid and water solution ```
38
Malignant otitis externa Best initial test Most accurate test
CT or mri Biopsy
39
Otitis media Best initial therapy m Most accurate test
Amoxicillin 7-10 days Tympanocentesis: rarely necessary
40
Otitis media Ccs tip
``` Move clock forward 3 days and if the infection is not improving ( switch to Amoxicillin- clavulanare Cefdnor Cefibuten Cefuroxime Cefprozil Cedpodoxime ```
41
Otitis media Ccs tip
``` Move clock forward 3 days and if the infection is not improving ( switch to Amoxicillin- clavulanare (augmentin) Cefdnor Cefibuten Cefuroxime Cefprozil Cedpodoxime ```
42
Sinusitis Best initial test Most accurate
X Ray Sinus aspirate for culture
43
Pharyngitis symptoms
Sore throat or pain Exudate Adenopathy No cough/hoarseness
44
Pharyngitis Best initial test Most accurate test
Rapid strep test Culture
45
Influenza Dx testing
Viral rapid antigen detection
46
Influenza vaccination
COPD, CHF, dialysis patients, steroid use, health care workers and everyone >50 Important *** inhaled live attenuated vaccines for -<50 Egg allergy is no longer an absolute CI
47
Impetigo Tx
Mupirocin | RetApulin
48
Impetigo Tx Severe disease
Oral dicloxacillin | Cephalexin
49
Impetigo Tx Ca-MSSA
TMP/SmX Linezolid is def effective Clinda is sometime useful
50
Erysipelas Best initial Tx Confirmed
Oral dicloxacillin Cephalexin Penicillin VK
51
Skin goes to kidney Throat goes to kidneys and heart
Erysipelas—> glomerulonephritis Pharyngitis—> glomerulonephritis and rheumatic fever
52
Scalp antifungals
Terinafine- oncreased LFT Itracanozole Griseofulvin- less efficacy than the other two meds
53
Urethritis
Discharge without dysuria
54
Cystitis
Dysuria but no discharge
55
Disseminated gonorrhea
Polyarticular disease Petechial rash Tenosynovitis
56
Nucleic acid amplification test
Single best test for goborrhea and chlamydia
57
PID | Measure of severity
Leukocytosis
58
PID Best initial test Most accurate test
Pregnancy test then cervical cx then NAAT Laporoscopy- rarely needed
59
PID tc OP IP PCN allergic
OP: IM Ceftriaxone and oral doxy IP : iV cefoxitin and doxy PCN allergic: Clindamycin and gentamicin
60
Antibiotics safe in pregnancy
``` PCNs Cephalosporins Aztreonam Erythromycin Azithro ```
61
Epididymo-orchitis
Extremely painful and tender testicle with a normal position in the scrotum
62
Epididymo-orchitis Tx >35 < 35
Fluoroquinolone | Ceftriaxone and doxycycline
63
Chancroid
Haemophilus ducreyi Best initial test is gram stain and cx Tx: single I’m shot Ceftriaxone and single oral dose of azithro
64
Lymphogranulosum venerum
Chlamydia trachomatos Tx: aspirate the bubo. Treat with doxycycline or azithro
65
Herpes simplex virus type 2
Multiple vesicles/—> acyclovir valcyclovir Or famcyclovir for 7-10 days Acyclovir is safe in pregnancy—> use if active lesions at 36 weeks Acyclovir resistant herpes—> foscarnet Mostt accurate test: viral cx
66
Primary Syphilis most accurate test
DArkfield microscopy
67
Secondary syphilis
Rash Mucous patch Alopecia wrests Condyloma Lata Initial dx test: RPR and FTA Tx: single im shot of pcn If PCN allergic give doxycycline
68
Tertiary syphilis
.dx: rpr And fta from a lumbar puncture Tx: IV PCN Desensitize if PCN allergic
69
Desensitize for …
Neurosyphyllis | Pregnant women
70
Grajuloma inguinale
Rare beefy red gebital lesion that ulcerates Dx: biopsy or touch prep Donovan bodies Klebsiella granilomatis Tx: doxy, TMP/smx, Or azithro
71
Warts
Diagnosed by how they look. Caused by hpv Ttx: meghanical removal Imiquimod is an immunodtimulsnt that leads to sloughing off of the wart
72
Uncomplicated cystitis tx Complicated cystitis tx
Fosfomycin or nitrofurantoin x3 dsys TMP/smx Or cipro x7 days
73
IP | Op pyelonephritis
Cipro ``` Ceftriaxone Ertapanem Ampicillin Quinolone Gentamicin ```
74
Leukocyte esterase
Derived from granulocytic WBC and indirect evidence of the presence of bacteriuria
75
Perinephric abscess tx
Quinolone and staph coverage lik oxacillin, nafcillin Or vancomycin
76
Prostatitis Best initial test Most accurate test Tx
UA Urine wbc after prostate massage Cipro Or TMP/smx x2 weeks for acute x6 weeks for chronic
77
Endocarditis
Fever + murmur= possible endocarditis—> do blood cultures!! 2 positive blood cultures + positive echo= endocarditis
78
Endocarditis tx
Vancomycin + gentamicin for 4-6 weeks
79
The Only! Cardiac defects that need prophylaxis
Prosthetic valves Previous endocarditis Unrepaired cyanotic heart disease Transplant recipients
80
The Only procedures that need Px
Dental procedures that cause bleeding—> amoxicillin PCN allergic—> clindamycin Respiratory tract Sx Infected skin Sx
81
The following procedures that do NOT need Ppx
Dental fillings All ob/gyn procedures All flexible scopes Urinary procedures including cûystoscopy
82
These cardiac defects do NOT need Ppx
``` Aortic or mitral stenosis Or regurgitation Atrial or ventricular septal defects HOCM MVP Pacem Implantable defibrillator ```
83
HIV Tx
Trople HAART Tenofovir + emtrocitabine + integrase inhibitor Tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz Tenofovir + emtricitabine + atazanavir ( or darunavir) add small amount of ritonavir
84
NRTIs s/e
Lactic acidosis
85
Zidovudine s/e
Anemia
86
Didanosine s/e
Pancreatitis and periphèral neuropathy
87
Stavudine s/e
Pancreatitis and periphèral neuropathy
88
AbAcavir s/.e
Rash
89
Tenofovir s/e
Renal toxicity
90
Protease inhibitors s/e
Gyperglycemia | Hyperlipideia
91
Indinavir s/e
Kidney stone
92
NNRTIs s/e
Drowsiness ( efavirenz)
93
CCR-5
It acts as the attachment point for gp-120 to enter the cd4 cell Maraviroc is the drug that blocks this
94
Needle stick injury
HAART for one month Tenofovir plus emtricitibane plus integrase ( raltegravir) or protease inhibitor
95
Pregnancy and hiv
2 nrti (zidovudine and lamivudibe) with protease inhibitor All hiv+ women at any cd4 or viral load need Tx Start first trimester and continue
96
PCP Ppx
TMP/smx | If there is a rash, switch to atovoquane or dapsone
97
MAI
Azithro PO once a week
98
PCP treatment not prophylaxis
TMP/smx If rash—> iV pentamadine Or clindamycin with primaquine Atovoquane—> mild pcp Steroids if po2< 70 or A_l-a gradient >35
99
Toxoplasmosis
Pyrethamine and sulfadiazine for /2 weeks Lesions smaller?—> it’s toxo Lesions unchanged—> brain biopsy—> lymphoma
100
Ganciclovir
Low wbc
101
Foscarnet
High creatinine
102
CMV Tx
Ganxiclovir Foscarnet Maintenance therapy with oral vangicoclovir unless cd4 goes up with HAART
103
Cryptococcus
Best initial test: India ink Most accurate test: crypto antigen 95% sens and spec Dx: amphotericin with 5- Fc followed by fluconozaleg
104
PML
~<50 cd4 cells with focal neurological abnormalities Best initial test : CT or mri Most accurate test: pcr of csf for JC virus
105
MAI
Weight loss Fever Fatigue **anemia Hepatic involvement Inc ALK phos Inc ggp Normal bilirubin Bone marrow is more sensitive Liver biopsy is most sensitive Blood culture is least sensitive Tx: clarithro and ethambutol Ppx with azithro Rifqbutin is sometimes arded
106
Leptospirosis
Spirochete Animal exposure + jaundice + renal= leptospirosis Severe disease leads to ams Tx Ceftriaxone or PCN
107
Tularemia
Rabbits Ulcer at the site of contact Enlarged lymph nodes Conjunctivitis Dx with serology Tx gentamicin or streptomycin
108
Cystercicosis
T.solium The ct will show thin walled cysts** that are calcified ** Ingested infected pork Tx albendazole
109
Lyme disease
Joint involvement is most common—> doxycycline, amoxicillin Or cefuroxime Cardiac AV conduction or block —> Ceftriaxone Neurological is Bell’s palsy or 7th cn palsy’s —> Ceftriaxone
110
Babesiosis
Infects rbc, so affect spleen—-> hemolytic anemia! So Dx is with a peripheral smear or pct Tx is with azithro and atovaquone
111
ErlichiA/Anaplasma
No rash Elevated lft Thrombocytopenia Leukopenia Dx peripheral smear shows morulae Or pcr Tx doxycycline
112
Malaria Tx and Ppx
Mefloquine Atovoquone/Proguanil Same drugs for Ppx Mefloquine s/e : Neuripsychatrucs/e Sinus bradycardia QT prolongation
113
Nocardia
Respiratory But it may disseminate to brain and skin Best initial test is CXR Most accurate test is culture *weakly acid fast which shows branching gram positive filaments Tx TMP/smx
114
Actinomycetes
* normal immune system Hx of facial or dental trauma Dx with gram stain and confirm with anaerobic culture Tx PCN
115
Histoplasmosis
Bad Lung disease but does disseminate into bone marrow —> pancytopenia! It’s associated with bat dropping in wet areas* Ohio and Mississippi River valleys Palate and oral ulcers Splenomegaly Pancytopenia Best initial test histoplasmosis urine antigen Most accurate test biopsy with culture Acute pulmonary disease is transient and needs no therapy Disseminate disease/—> amphotericin
116
Cocfidiomycosis
Acute respiratory disease Joint pain Eeythema nodosum It’s found n very dry areas like anrizona Tx itracanozole
117
Blastomycosis
Broad budding yeast= Bone lesions= Blastomycosis Tx amphotericin or itracanozole
118
Toxo Dx
Instead of treat and wait to see if it decreases in size, obtain toxoplasmosis serology ( IgG and IgM)

Step3 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions