Infectious Diseases Flashcards by Antonio Alkasmikha

True or False? No penicillins cover MRSA

True

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which penicillin covers pseudomonas?

Piperacillin/Tazobactam (Zosyn)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which penicillin covers anaerobes?

Ones with beta lactamase inhibitors:
Pip/tazo
Ampicillin/Sulbactam
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which penicillins have staph coverage (MSSA)?

Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the drug of choice for MSSA?

Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Dicloxacillin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the drug of choice for syphilis?

Penicillin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which penicillins are often used for dental procedures because they cover listeria/mouth anaerobes?

Amoxicillin = Ampicillin > Penicillin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Are anti-staph (MSSA) penicillins renally adjusted?

No. They are not renally eliminated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the drug of choice for acinetobacter baumanni?

Ampicillin/sulbactam

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are common adverse effects of amoxicillin and ampicillin?

GI effects and contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What generation of cephalosporins have SOME coverage for gram negative infections containing PEK (proteus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae)

1st generation cephalosporins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What generation of cephalosporins have good coverage for skin/soft tissue infections (staph and strep, not MRSA)

1st generation cephalosporins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the 1st generation cephalosporins

Cephalexin
Cefazolin
Cefadroxil

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the 2nd generation cephalosporins

2A (aerobic):
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime

2B (belly/anaerobic):
Cefotetan
Cefoxitin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the 3rd generation cephalosporins

Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cefixime
Cefpodoxime
Ceftazidime

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the 4th generation cephalosporins

Cefepime

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

List the 5th generation cephalosporins

Ceftaroline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What generation of cephalosporins would be drugs of choice for CAP?

3rd generation cephalosporins (except ceftazidime)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which 3rd generation cephalosporin covers pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Ceftazidime

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which 3rd generation cephalosporin covers pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Ceftazidime

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the unique properties of 4th generation cephalosporins?

Broader spectrum than other cephalosporins. It also covers pseudomonas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the unique properties of 4th generation cephalosporins?

Broader spectrum than other cephalosporins. It also covers pseudomonas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which generation of cephalosporins can cause inducible resistance?

3rg generation cephalosporins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which drug should be given to a patient who has an anaphylactic penicillin allergy and needs gram - coverage

Aztreonam

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which cephalosporin has coverage for MRSA?

Ceftaroline

What cephalosporin covers pseudomonas aeruginosa and also intraabdominal infections and complicated UTIs?

Zerbaxa (ceftolozane/tazobactam)

Which carbapenem does not have pseudomonas coverage?

Ertapenem

What class of antibiotics are the drug of choice for treating extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL)?

Carbapenems

What bugs do carbapenems cover?

Everything (including anaerobes) except MRSA | Ertapenem does not cover pseudomonas

True or False? Aztreonam only has gram positive activity

False. Only gram negative

What do beta lactam antibiotics increase the risk of

Seizures

Which carbapenem has the highest likelihood of increased risk of seizures?

Imipenem

Aminoglycosides can be given with ___ to create synergy (gram positive coverage) and penetrate cells

Beta lactam antibiotics

True or False? Aminoglycosides cover pseudomonas and anaerobes

False. They cover pseudomonas but they do not cover anaerobes

Aminoglycosides are ___-depedent killing

Concentration

Beta lactam antibiotics are ___-depending killing

Time

Aminoglycosides may cause ___toxicity and ___toxicity

Nephro | Oto

List the fluoroquinolones

Moxifloxacin Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin Delafloxacin

Which fluoroquinolone has the best gram negative coverage but the worst gram positive coverage?

Ciprofloxacin

Rank the fluoroquinolones in terms of the best to worst anaerobic coverage

Moxifloxacin > Levofloxacin > Ciprofloxacin

True or False? Fluoroquinolones cover pseudomonas

True

Fluoroquinolones are ___-dependent killing

Concentration

Rank the fluoroquinolones in terms of best to worst streptococcus pneumoniae coverage

Moxifloxacin = levofloxacin > ciprofloxacin

Which fluoroquinolone has MRSA coverage?

Delafloxacin

What does vancomycin cover?

Gram positive only including MRSA and enterococcus

Vancomycin is given IV unless it is being used to treat ___. In that case, it is given PO

Clostridium difficile

___ is similar to vancomycin in terms of coverage, but it has a long half life and only needs to be given once

Dalbavancin

___ and ___ can be used for vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE)

Daptomycin | Linezolid

___ can cause CPK elevation and rhabdomyolysis

Daptomycin

___ can cause red man syndrome. How is this treated?

Vancomycin | Slow the infusion rate

What are two toxicities that vancomycin can cause?

Nephrotoxicity | Ototoxicity

List the macrolides

Azithromycin Clarithromycin Erythromycin

Macrolides cover:

Atypicals (Legionella, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia) Streptococcus pneumoniae H. flu M. cat

Which macrolide covers H. pylori?

Clarithromycin

True or False? Macrolides can be used for CAP?

True

List the tetracyclines

Tetracycline Doxycycline Minocycline Demeclocycline

True or False? Tetrecyclines do not cover MRSA

False. They do cover MRSA

True or False? Tetracycline is used more than doxycycline

False. Doxycycline is used more because tetracycline has more adverse effects

___ has MRSA, MSSA, and anaerobic coverage and has the highest risk to cause C. diff.

Clindamycin

___ has MRSA coverage, PEK (proteus, e. coli, klebsiella)

Sulfamethoxazole

___ DOC for stenotrophomonas maltophilia/nocardia and PCP pneumonia

Sulfamethoxazole

What skin infections can sulfamethoxazole cause?

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis

Metronidazole can only cover ___ and ___

Anaerobes and c. diff

True or False? Aminoglycosides are the only drugs used to treat severe staphylococcus infections synergistically

False. Rifampin can also be used

___ can treat mycobacterial infections, including tuberculosis

Rifampin

True or False? Rifampin is a strong CYP inhibitor

False. It is a strong inducer and can interact with many HIV meds

___ and ___ are only used to treat UTIs

Nitrofurantoin | Fosfomycin

Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with CrCl < ___

60mL/min

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

(68 cards)