Infectious Diseases

Question 1

why are paediatric diseases unique

Answer 1

common self limiting to life threatening conditions by the same organism
developing immune system

Question 2

what is SIRS

Answer 2

systemic inflammatory response syndrome 
caused by trauma 
haemorrhage 
burns 
pancreatitis
infection

Question 3

what is sepsis

Answer 3

sepsis=SIRS and a proven infection, bacteraemia

Question 4

what are the symptoms of SIRS

Answer 4

fever
tachycardia
tachypnoea
leukocytosis

Question 5

what Is sepsis and multi organ failure

Answer 5

sepsis and 2 of 
resp failure
renal failure
neurological failure
haematogocial failure 
liver failure

Question 6

what is ARDS

Answer 6

acute respiraotry distress syndrome

inflammatory response of the lungs

Question 7

what are the causes of sepsis in neonates

Answer 7

group b strep
e coli
listera monocytogenes

Question 8

what are the causes of sepsis in children

Answer 8

strep pneumoniae
meningococci
group a strep
staph aureus

Question 9

what are the symptoms of sepsis

Answer 9

fever
cold hands and feet
increased cap refill
chillds
regors
vomitting
muscle weakness
rash

Question 10

what are the invesitgations

Answer 10

FBC
CRP
u and e 
coagulation factors 
blood gas
glucose 
urine culture
skin biopsy 
CT head

Question 11

what are the treatments of sepsis

Answer 11

Airway
Breathing
Circulation
DEFG-dont ever forget glucose 
antibiotics broad spectrum

Question 12

what are the causes of neonate meningitis

Answer 12

group b strep
e.coli
listeria

Question 13

what are the causes of children meningitis

Answer 13

strep pneumoniae
menigiococci
haemophiliac influenza

Question 14

what are the symptoms of meningitis

Answer 14

nuchal rigidity
headaches
photophobia
seizures 
neonates-lethargy 
irritable 
seizures
bulging fontelle 
rash non blancing

Question 15

what are the treatments for meningitis

Answer 15

ABCDEFG

cephlasporin

Question 16

what are the complications o pneumococcal meningitis

Answer 16

brain damage
hearing loss
hydrocephalus

Question 17

describe strep pneumonia infection

Answer 17

gram postive
colonises upper airway
transmission by droplets

Question 18

describe pneumococcal disease

Answer 18

mastoiditis
glue ear
empyema

Question 19

describe haemophilus infeluenza type b

Answer 19

gram negative

Question 20

describe meningococcal disease

Answer 20

in nasopharynx
passage through epithelia
can cause septic shock and meningitis

Question 21

what are examples of streptococcal diseases

Answer 21

impetigo 
toxic shock
bacteriameia 
septic arthritis 
treat with penicillin

Question 22

describe scarlet fever

Answer 22

typical strep a infeciton
children under 2 and over 10 usually protected
can lead to cellulitis

Question 23

what are examples fo staph diseases

Answer 23

gram postiive cocci
MRSA 
MSSA
reisstance is a big issue 
treat resistance with flucoxacillin

Question 24

describe varicella zoster virus infections

Answer 24

primary infection is varicella
is recurrent its zoster
incubation of 14 days

Question 25

what are the symptoms of chicken pox

Answer 25

mild malaise fever exanthema papule itching

Question 26

what are the complications of chicken pox

Answer 26

secondary skin infection | arthritis

Question 27

what is HSV1

Answer 27

herpes simplex virus 1 recurrent cold sores treat with acyclovir

Question 28

what is the cause of hand foot mouth disease

Answer 28

enterovirus coxsackie a16 incubation of 3-6 days

Question 29

what is Kawasaki disease

Answer 29

inflammation of arteries, capillaries and veins

Question 30

what are the symptoms of kawasaki disease

Answer 30

``` fever for 5 days blood shot eyes red soles of feet rash swollen ```

Question 31

how do you treat kawask disease

Answer 31

aspirin | immunoglobulins

Question 32

what is primary immundepficiney

Answer 32

bodys immune is missing a part of not working properly

Question 33

what are the signs of antibody deficienis

Answer 33

deficiency in antibodies | recurrent bacterial infections

Question 34

what are the signs of cellular immunodeficineis

Answer 34

characterised by impaired T cell function or absent T cells | pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 35

what are signs of innate immune defificney

Answer 35

defects in phagocyte function | staph aureus

Question 36

what are the signs of primary immunodeficieny

Answer 36

``` severe persistent unusual recurrent runs in the family ```

Question 37

what is secondary immunodeficiency

Answer 37

components of the immune system are present and functional | acquired diseases affect the immune system negatively

Question 38

what are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS

Answer 38

``` recurrent RTI persistent oral thrush papular rash generalied lymphadenopathy failure to thrive recurrent infections developmental delay ```

Question 39

what is chronic granulomatous disease

Answer 39

X linked life threatening recurrent severe bacterial and fungal infections diagnosis by DHR test

Question 40

what is common in premature neonates

Answer 40

invasive candidiasis