Infectious Diseases I Flashcards
(121 cards)
1
Q
Morphology of
Staphylococcus spp. (including MSSA, MRSA)
A
Gram-positive cocci
Clusters
2
Q
Morphology of
Streptococcus pneumoniae
A
Gram-positive cocci
Pairs & chains
3
Q
Morphology of
Streptococcus spp. (including Streptococcus pyogenes)
A
Gram-positive cocci
Pairs & chains
4
Q
Morphology of
Listeria monocytogenes
A
Gram-positive rods
5
Q
Morphology of
Enterococcus spp. (including VRE)
A
Gram-positive cocci
Pairs & chains
6
Q
Morphology of
Corynebacterium spp.
A
Gram-positive rods
7
Q
Morphology of
Peptostreptococcus
A
Gram-positive anaerobes
8
Q
Morphology of
Propionibacterium acnes
A
Gram-positive anaerobes
9
Q
Morphology of
Clostridioides difficile
A
Gram-positive anaerobes
10
Q
Morphology of
Clostridium spp.
A
Gram-positive anaerobes
11
Q
Morphology of
Chlamydia spp.
A
Atypicals
12
Q
Morphology of
Legionella spp.
A
Atypicals
13
Q
Morphology of
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
A
Atypicals
14
Q
Morphology of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
A
Atypicals
15
Q
Morphology of
Neisseria spp.
A
Gram-negative cocci
16
Q
Morphology of
Enterobacter cloacae
A
Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut
“Enteric”
17
Q
Morphology of
Serratia spp.
A
Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut
“Enteric”
18
Q
Morphology of
Proteus mirabilis
A
Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut
“Enteric”
19
Q
Morphology of
Klebsiella spp.
A
Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut
“Enteric”
20
Q
Morphology of
Escherichia coli
A
Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut
“Enteric”
21
Q
Morphology of
Citrobacter spp.
A
Gram-negative rods
Colonize gut
“Enteric”
22
Q
Morphology of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A
Gram-negative rods
Do not colonize gut
23
Q
Morphology of
Haemophilus influenza
A
Gram-negative rods
Do not colonize gut
24
Q
Morphology of
Providencia spp.
A
Gram-negative rods
Do not colonize gut
25
# Morphology of
H. pylori
Gram-negative rods
| Curved or spiral shaped
26
# Morphology of
Campylobacter spp.
Gram-negative rods
| Curved or spiral shaped
27
# Morphology of
Treponema spp.
Gram-negative rods
| Curved or spiral shaped
28
# Morphology of
Borrelia spp.
Gram-negative rods
| Curved or spiral shaped
29
# Morphology of
Leptospira spp.
Gram-negative rods
| Curved or spiral shaped
30
# Morphology of
Bacteroides fragilis
Gram-negative anaerobes
31
# Morphology of
Prevotella spp.
Gram-negative anaerobes
32
# Morphology of
Acinetobacter baumannii
Gram-negative coccobacilli
33
# Morphology of
Bordetella pertussis
Gram-negative coccobacilli
34
# Morphology of
Moraxella catarrhalis
Gram-negative coccobacilli
35
# MOA of
Dalbavancin
Cell wall inhibitor
36
# MOA of
Telavancin
Cell wall inhibitor
&
Cell membrane inhibitor
37
# MOA of
Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
Cell wall inhibitor
38
# MOA of
Vancomycin
Cell wall inhibitor
39
# MOA of
Monobactams (aztreonam)
Cell wall inhibitor
40
# MOA of
Oritavancin
Cell wall inhibitor
&
Cell membrane inhibitor
41
# MOA of
Aminoglycosides
Protein synthesis inhibitor
42
# MOA of
Macrolides
Protein synthesis inhibitor
43
# MOA of
Linezolid
Protein synthesis inhibitor
44
# MOA of
Tetracyclines
Protein synthesis inhibitor
45
# MOA of
Clindamycin
Protein synthesis inhibitor
46
# MOA of
Tedizolid
Protein synthesis inhibitor
47
# MOA of
Quinupristin/dalfopristin
Protein synthesis inhibitor
48
# MOA of
Polymyxins
Cell membrane inhibitor
49
# MOA of
Daptomycin
Cell membrane inhibitor
50
# MOA of
Quinolones
DNA inhibitor
| DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV
51
# MOA of
Metronidazole
DNA inhibitor
52
# MOA of
Tinidazole
DNA inhibitor
53
# MOA of
Rifampin
RNA inhibitor
54
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic
Beta-lactams
Hydrophilic
55
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic
Aminoglycosides
Hydrophilic
56
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic
Vancomycin
Hydrophilic
57
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic
Daptomycin
Hydrophilic
58
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic
Polymyxins
Hydrophilic
59
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic
Quinolones
Lipophilic
60
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic
Macrolides
Lipophilic
61
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic
Rifampin
Lipophilic
62
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic
Linezolid
Lipophilic
63
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic
Tetracyclines
Lipophilic
64
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters
Small volume of distribution → Less tissue penetration
Hydrophilic
65
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters
Mostly renally eliminated → Drug accumulation and side effects (e.g., nephrotoxicity, seizures) can occur if not dose adjusted
Hydrophilic
66
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters
Low intracellular concentrations → Not active against atypical (intracellular) pathogens
Hydrophilic
67
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters
Poor-moderate bioavailability → IV:PO ratio is not 1:1
Hydrophilic
68
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters
Large volume of distribution → Better tissue penetration
Lipophilic
69
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters
Mostly hepatically metabolized → Potential for hepatotoxicity and drug-drug interactions
Lipophilic
70
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters
Achieve intracellular concentrations → Active against atypical (intracellular) pathogens
Lipophilic
71
# Hydrophilic or lipophilic PK parameters
Excellent bioavailability → IV:PO ratio is often 1:1
Lipophilic
72
# What is the pharmacodynamics of
Aminoglycosides
Concentration-dependent killing
| Cmax:MIC
## Footnote
Goal: high peak, low trough
Dosing strategies: large dose, long interval
73
# What is the pharmacodynamics of
Quinolones
Concentration-dependent killing
| Cmax:MIC
## Footnote
Goal: high peak, low trough
Dosing strategies: large dose, long interval
74
# What is the pharmacodynamics of
Daptomycin
Concentration-dependent killing
| Cmax:MIC
## Footnote
Goal: high peak, low trough
Dosing strategies: large dose, long interval
75
# What is the pharmacodynamics of
Vancomycin
Exposure-dependent killing
| AUC:MIC
## Footnote
Goal: exposure over time
Dosing strategies: variable
76
# What is the pharmacodynamics of
Macrolides
Exposure-dependent killing
| AUC:MIC
## Footnote
Goal: exposure over time
Dosing strategies: variable
77
# What is the pharmacodynamics of
Tetracyclines
Exposure-dependent killing
| AUC:MIC
## Footnote
Goal: exposure over time
Dosing strategies: variable
78
# What is the pharmacodynamics of
Polymyxins
Exposure-dependent killing
| AUC:MIC
## Footnote
Goal: exposure over time
Dosing strategies: variable
79
# What is the pharmacodynamics of
Beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
Time-dependent killing
| Time > MIC
## Footnote
Goal: maintain drug level > MIC for most of the dosing interval
Dosing strategies: shorter dosing interval, extended or continuous infusions
80
# Refrigerated or not?
Penicillin VK
Refrigerate
81
# Refrigerated or not?
Ampicillin
Refrigerate
82
# Refrigerated or not?
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate
Refrigerate
83
# Refrigerated or not?
Cephalexin
Refrigerate
84
# Refrigerated or not?
Cefadroxil
Refrigerate
85
# Refrigerated or not?
Cefpodoxime
Refrigerate
86
# Refrigerated or not?
Cefprozil
Refrigerate
87
# Refrigerated or not?
Cefuroxime
Refrigerate
88
# Refrigerated or not?
Cefaclor
Refrigerate
89
# Refrigerated or not?
Vancomycin oral
Refrigerate
90
# Refrigerated or not?
Valganciclovir
Refrigerate
91
# Refrigerated or not?
Amoxicillin
Refrigeration recommended
| Improves taste
92
# Refrigerated or not?
Cefdinir
Do not refrigerate
93
# Refrigerated or not?
Azithromycin
Do not refrigerate
94
# Refrigerated or not?
Clarithromycin
Do not refrigerate
| Bitter taste, thickens/gels
95
# Refrigerated or not?
Doxycycline
Do not refrigerate
96
# Refrigerated or not?
Ciprofloxacin
Do not refrigerate
97
# Refrigerated or not?
Levofloxacin
Do not refrigerate
98
# Refrigerated or not?
Clindamycin
Do not refrigerate
| Thickens, may crystallize
99
# Refrigerated or not?
Linezolid
Do not refrigerate
100
# Refrigerated or not?
SMX/TMP
Do not refrigerate
101
# Refrigerated or not?
Acyclovir
Do not refrigerate
102
# Refrigerated or not?
Fluconazole
Do not refrigerate
103
# Refrigerated or not?
Posaconazole
Do not refrigerate
104
# Refrigerated or not?
Voriconazole
Do not refrigerate
105
# Refrigerated or not?
Nystatin
Do not refrigerate
106
IV anti-infectives that should not be refrigerated
* Metronidazole
* Moxifloxacin
* SMX/TMP
* Acyclovir
107
Anti-infectives that should be taken on an empty stomach
* Ampicillin oral capsules and suspension
* Levofloxacin oral solution
* Penicillin VK
* Rifampin
* Isoniazid
* Itraconazole solution
* Voriconazole
108
# Take with/without food?
Amoxicillin ER
Take within one hour of finishing a meal
109
Anti-infectives that have 1:1 IV to PO dosing
* Levofloxacin, moxifloxacin
* Doxycycline, minocycline
* Linezolid, tedizolid
* Metronidazole
* SMX/TMP
* Fluconazole, isavuconazonium, posaconazole (oral tablets and IV), voriconazole
110
Anti-infectives that do not require renal dose adjustment
* Antistaphylococcal penicillins
* Ceftriaxone
* Clindamycin
* Doxycycline
* Macrolides (azithromycin and erythromycin only)
* Metronidazole
* Moxifloxacin
* Linezolid
111
Anti-infectives that require light protection during administration
* Doxycycline
* Micafungin
* Pentamidine
112
# Which diluent is compatible with
Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
Dextrose only
113
# Which diluent is compatible with
SMX/TMP
Dextrose only
114
# Which diluent is compatible with
Amphotericin B
Dextrose only
115
# Which diluent is compatible with
Pentamidine
Dextrose only
116
# Which diluent is compatible with
Ampicillin
Normal saline only
117
# Which diluent is compatible with
Ampicillin/Sulbactam
Normal saline only
118
# Which diluent is compatible with
Ertapenem
Normal saline only
119
# Which diluent is compatible with
Daptomycin (Cubicin RF)
Normal saline only
## Footnote
Must use only sterile or bacteriostatic water for injection to reconstitute the lypophilized powder (before diluting further with NS)
120
# Which diluent is compatible with
Caspofungin
NS/LR only
121
# Which diluent is compatible with
Daptomycin (Cubicin)
NS/LR only
