Infectious respiratory disease in dogs Flashcards
(32 cards)
Upper or lower? Cough
Both - cough receptor in the larynx moving down. However, there aren’t any cough receptors in the alveoli (hence why animals with pneumonia don’t cough - but those with bronchopneumonia do)
Canine Influenza - prevalence, signs, other notes
- Most outbreaks so far in USA and Asia.
- H3N8 (equine) & H3N2 (avian) viruses.
- Serological evidence in UK foxhounds.
- Around 80% dogs infected.
- Cough, purulent nasal discharge.
- Lasts 10-30 days.
- ~20% cases become very unwell - pyrexia, pneumonia.
- ~8% cases die.
- Vaccine available in USA.
- Infectious before clinical signs (as with most viruses).
Strep equi - signs
- High morbidity (90%).
- High mortality (50%).
- Pyrexia, bloody nasal discharge, haematemesis.
- Not commonly seen but emerging.
Clinical signs
Not always helpful. ocular discharge, nasal discharge, cough, dyspnoea/tachypnoea, starter/stridor
Upper or lower? Ocular discharge
- Upper
Upper or lower? Nasal discharge
- Upper
Types of nasal discharge
- mucoid, mucopurulent, blood, serous?
- Uni or bilateral?
Stertor
Like snoring; low pitched soft tissue vibration - the soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules. Common in BOAS
Stridor
High pitched wheezing; vibration of rigid tissues - tracheal or laryngeal, laryngeal paralysis, tracheal collapse
Systemic signs of infectious resp disease
Pyrexia, depression, lethargy, inappetence, hyporexia, anorexia
Hyperthermia vs pyrexia
Hyperthermia = increase in body temp without an increase in the hypothalamic set point, due to environmental or pharmacological changes.
Pyrexia = increase in body temp with an increase in the hypothalamic set point.
CIRD/CIRDc
Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease (complex)
KC clinical presentation
Hacking cough (+/- productive), submandibular lymphadenopathy, ocular/nasal discharge, +/- lethargy, +/- pyrexia, can be light sensitive
Causes of CIRD
CPiV, CRCoV, CAV-2.
They disrupt the mucociliary escalator which can allow bacterial invasion
Significance of an RNA virus
Easily mutates (has another step to DNA to replicate, hence more opportunity to mutate)
CAV-2
= Canine adenovirus-2.
Non-enveloped DNA virus.
Closely related to CAV-1 (infectious canine hepatitis).
Vaccine based on CAV-2 protects against both pathogens
CRCoV
= Canine respiratory coronavirus.
Enveloped RNA virus.
Not the same as canine enteric coronavirus.
Bordetella bronchiseptica - what is it? signs? prevention?
Gram negative aerobic coccobacilus.
Can be primary or secondary.
Disease from mild to severe.
Can spread between dogs, humans and cats.
Shedding post-infection up to 12wks.
Subcut or intranasal vaccine available.
Live intranasal vaccine can shed for up to 6wks, so not suitable for immunocompromised clients.
Canine Distemper Virus - what is it? signs?
Enveloped RNA virus.
Shed in all body fluids.
Bronchopneumonia, purulent ocular and nasal discharge, hemorrhagic vomiting and diarrhoea, neurological signs, hyperkeratosis (‘hard pad’).
Making a comeback in the UK.
Streptococcus zooepidemicus - signs
Cats and dogs.
Zoonotic.
Haemorrhagic bronchopneumonia.
Can be very bad in racing greyhounds
Transmission routes for CIRD
Mainly aerosol.
Some direct transmission possible.
Apart from CAV (and Bordetella to a lesser extent), environmentally labile.
When to diagnose?
If it will change management (antibiotics/vaccination).
If the pattern of disease changes.
Refractory disease (doesn’t respond to tx).
Diagnostic options
Paired serology, nasal or oropharyngeal swab for most pathogens (PCR), conjunctival swab for distemper (IFA).
Symptomatic tx
avoid choke chains and pulling on collar, clean eyes and nose, paracetamol, butorphanol, codeine, glycerin
