Infective Gastroenteritis

Question 1

Risk factors for severe gastroenteritis

Question 2

Symptoms of gastroenteritis

Question 3

Types of infections

Answer 3

1. Non inflammatory (enterotoxin of adherence/superficial invasion
   
   • ​​affects epithelial function causing massive secretion of electrolytes
   • cells look normal under microscopy
2. Inflammatory disease
   
   1. ​Cytotoxin
      
      • ​​damages cell
   2. Direct invasion of intestinal epithelium

_​

Question 4

Non inflammatory infection

organisms responsible

Answer 4

• vibrio cholera
• E coli
  
  • ETEC
  • EPEC
  • EAEC
• Clostridium perfringes
• Bacilius cereus
• staph aureus
• giardia lamblia
• rotavirus
• norovirus
• Crptospridium species
• microsporidia
• cyclospora spp

Question 5

Cytotoxin inflammatory disease

organisms

Answer 5

• Entamoeba histolytica
• C defficle
• shigells spp
• EHEC

Question 6

Direct invaders

organisms

Answer 6

• Salmonella spp
• yersinia enterocolitica
• campylobacter spp
• shigella spp
• EIEC

Question 7

Shigella epidemiology

not food poisoning

Answer 7

• Humans are only host
• feco oral therefore with dofect contact with infected person
• low infective dose (50 bacteria)
  
  • therefore easily transmitted in corwded places like jails and institutions
• food is occasionally a vector
• toilet seats
• developed world
  
  • young children
  • S. flexinari and sonii
• developing world
  
  • children and adults
  • S. dystentriae and boydii

Question 8

Shigella

clinical

Question 9

Shigella

complications

Answer 9

• dehydration
• rf
• toxic dilaton and perforation
• HUS
  
  • S. DYSENTERIAE

Question 10

Salmonella epidemiology

typical food poisoning

non toxigenic

NON TYPHOID

Question 11

Salmonella clinical presentation

Question 12

Salmonella complications

Answer 12

• septecemia
• osteomyelitis in sickle cell pt

Question 13

Camylobacter epidemiology

typically food poisoning

non toxigenic

Question 14

Camylobacter

‘clinically

Answer 14

• Ip 2-5 days
• Severe diarrhea with blood and pus
• fever and abdominal pain
• may mimic appemdecitis
• last 5-7 days
• GBS
• reactive arthritis

Question 15

Clostridium perfringes epidemiology

typical food poisoning

alpha toxin

Answer 15

• Anaerobic
• red meat
• ip 1-4 days
• abdominal pain
• explosive diarrhea
• self limiting

Question 16

Vibrio cholerae epidmeiology

not typically food poisoning

toxigenic

Answer 16

• Humans are host
• water and food contaminated with bacteria
• O1 and O139 cause epidemics

Question 17

V cholerae

clinical

Question 18

Staph aureus epidemiology

typically food poisoning

toxigenic

enterotoxin

Question 19

Staph aureus

‘clinical

Question 20

Clostridium defficile epidemiology

not food poisoning

Question 21

Clostridium difficile

clinical

Question 22

Bacillus cereus

typically food poisoning

toxingenic

Question 23

E coli

Question 24

EPEC

Question 25

ETEC

Question 26

VTEC

Answer 26

* HEMORRHAGIC colitis * HUS * O157H57 with ground beef * aka hemorrhagic * sevre bloody diarrhea * toxin similar to shigella

Question 27

EIEC

Answer 27

* Shigella like toxin * invasion of mucosa * dairrhea with blood and pus

Question 28

Yersenia enterocolitica

Question 29

Clostridium botulinum

Question 30

Vibrio parahyemplyticus

Question 31

Listeria

Question 32

Giardia lamblia

Answer 32

* worldwide * feco oral * water contaminated with cyst * self limiting * stool microscopy * METRONIDAZOLE

Question 33

Cryptosporidium parvum

Answer 33

* Animals and men * cysts by direct contact with animals or infected ppl * water contaminated * mild diarrhea * severe if immunocompromised

Question 34

Entameba histolytica

Answer 34

Dysentry