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Patología Aparatos y Sistemas > Infectology > Flashcards

Infectology Flashcards

1
Q

Microorganismo causante de neumonías intersticiales

A

Virus

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2
Q

Principales microorganismos de los que se sospecha en infx pulmonar con granulomas

A

Hongos y tuberculosis

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3
Q

Vasos dilatados, infiltrado inflamatorio y plasma en pulmones

A

Fase congestiva

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4
Q

Exudado inflamatorio, con leucocitos y plasma en alvéolos.

A

Hepatización rojo

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5
Q

Pulmón gris por pus, alvéolos llenos de neutrófilos

A

Hepatización gris

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6
Q

Neutrophil infested and congestive lung vessels

A

Bronchopneumonia

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7
Q

Microorganism that leaves alveoli clean, linfocyte infiltrates in septums and dilated vessels.

A

Virus

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8
Q

Principales patógenos de neumonía hospitalaria

A

S. aureus, gram - y Pseudomonas

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9
Q

Fase donde hay abscesos pulmonares de tuberculo

A

Bacilífero

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10
Q

Tinciones para M. tuberculosis

A

Ziehl-Neelsen
auramina-rhodamina

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11
Q

Tipo de reacción inmune en M. tuberculosis

A

Reacción tipo 4 (misma que vs hongos)

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12
Q

Calcificación en ganglios y pulmones en tuberculosis

A

Complejo de Gohn
Solo en el ganglio se llama foco

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13
Q

Necrosis central, linfocitos alrededor y histoiocitos epiteloides.

A

Granuloma

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14
Q

Combinación de hemorragia con parénquima hepática, apariencia de nuez moscada

A

Hepatitis aguda

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15
Q

Puentes necro inflamatorios de porta a vena hepática, terminan reemplazándose por fibrosis

A

Hepatitis aguda

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16
Q

Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions shown, often in rabbies.

A

Negri Bodies

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17
Q

Complement deficiencies lead to infections by

A

Encapsulated bacteria (S. pneumoniae and Neisseria spp.)

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18
Q

Pathogens causing hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

Klebsiella, Serratia, E. coli, Pseudomonas, S. aureus

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19
Q

Pathogens causing health care-acquired pneumonia

A

S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, S. pneumoniae

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20
Q

Pathogens that cause chronic pneumonia

A

Nocardia, actinomyces, mycobacteria, histoplasma, coccidioides, blastomyces

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21
Q

Pathogens causing necrotizing pneumonia and lung abscesses

A

S. aureus, S. pyogenes, Klebsiella

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22
Q

Most common cause of community acquired pneumonia, vaccines with capsular polysacc.

A

S. pneumoniae

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23
Q

Most common bacterial cause of acute exacerbations of COPD, it causes meningitis.

A

H. influenzae

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24
Q

Pathogen that will cause pneumonia in the elderly, complicate COPD and otitis media in children.

A

Moraxella catarrhalis

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25
Q

It causes second bacterial pneumonia after viral respiratory illnesses.
Hospital-acquired pneumonia

A

S. aureus

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26
Q

Common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonias, cystic fibrosis and immunocompromised patients.

A

P. aeruginosa

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27
Q

It causes local epidemics and pneumonia. Schools, military camps and prisons.

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

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28
Q

Patchy involvement in lungs is known as

A

Lobar consolidation

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29
Q
A

Lobar pneumonia stage 1: congestion Intra-alveolar edema, fluid with neutrophils and bacteria

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30
Q
A

Red hepatization: Massive hexudation (neutrophils, red cells, fibrin).

31
Q
A

Gray hepatization: Desintegration of RBC and fibrinosuppurative exudate that changes color

32
Q

Cellular debris, macrophage infiltrate and fibroblast proliferation

A

Pneumonia resolution

33
Q

Consolidated areas of acute supurative inflammation

A

Bronchopneumonia

34
Q

Tissue destruction and necrosis in pneumonia leads to…

A

An abscess

35
Q

Genome of influenza virus

A

Single-stranded RNA

36
Q

Genetic change of influenza, mutation changing antigenic properties of H and N leading to new strains that evade prior immunity.

A

Drift (B and A)

37
Q

H and N genes are recombined with animal influenza virus, leading to pandemic, only happens in influenza A.

A

Shift

38
Q

Morphology of coronavirus

A

Enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus

39
Q

Alveoli surface protein to which coronaviruses bind

A

ACE 2

40
Q

Histologic finding and clinical manifestation

A

Interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates, no alveolar exudate.
Patient does not have cough.

41
Q

Viruses associated with necrosis of bronchial and alveolar epithelium and accute inflammation.

A

HSV, VZV and adenovirus

42
Q

Giant multinuclated cell with cytoplasmic inclusion corresponding to

A

RSV

43
Q
A

Aspiration pneumonia

44
Q

Comensal anaerobic organisms of oral cavity that cause lung abscesses

A

Bateroides, Fusobacterium, Peptococcus genera

45
Q

When all risk factors for lung abscesses have been excluded as a cause, it is called…

A

Primary cryptogenic lung abscess

46
Q

CD4 count for pneumonia etiology in HIV infected patients

A

Bacterial and tubular infx: CD4>200
Pneumocystis: CD4<200
CMV, fungal and mycobacterium avium: <50

47
Q

Most common pathogens causative of chronic pneumonia

A

Mycobacterium and H. capsulatum

48
Q

Type of response in M. tuberculosis infx

A

Th1, effective but destroys tissue.

49
Q
A

M. tuberculosis damage

50
Q

Macrophage receptors that M. tuberculosis binds for entry

A

Mannosa-binding lectin and CR3

51
Q

M. tuberculosis PAMP that binds to TLR2

A

Lipoarabinomannan

52
Q

IL mediating Th1 response in tuberculosis

A

IL12 and IL18

53
Q

Type of necrosis formed in Th1 response in tuberculosis

A

Caseous necrosis

54
Q

Cells to which IFNy activated M-phages differentiate in tuberculosis

A

Epitheloid histiocytes

55
Q

Multitude of small tan granulomas scattered throughout the lung parenchyma

A

Miliary pattern of granulomas

56
Q

It involves the apex of upper lobes of the lungs with cavitation, previously sensitized hosts.

A

Secondary tuberculosis

57
Q

Most frequent presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis

A

Cervical lymphadenitis (scrofula)

58
Q

Most common cause of esophageal infections in healthy individuals

A

HSV

59
Q

Gray-white pseudomembranes on the esophagus. Inflammatory cells covering the mucosa.

A

Candida infx

60
Q

Esophageal infection with punched out ulcers with viral nuclear inclusions, multinuclear cells at the margin of the ulcer.

A

Herpes infx

61
Q

Shallower ulcers on esophagus with nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions.

A

CMV

62
Q

Antibiotic associated collitis, fibrinopurulent exudate.
Mucupurulent exudate that erupts from cripts “volcano lesions”

A

C. difficile

63
Q

Mechanism of transmission of HAV

A

Contaminated water and foods

64
Q

Morphology of HAV

A

Non-enveloped positive strand RNA

65
Q

Transmission of HBV

A

Vertical, sex, needles. Enveloped DNA virus.
It has prolonged incubation period 4-26w

66
Q

Cause of hepatocellular injury in HBV

A

CD8 T cells and viral replication and protein synthesis

67
Q

Clinical indicator of HBV, undetectable in 12 weeks in those who clear the infection

A

HBsAg

68
Q

Most common cause of chronic viral hepatitis, it rarely causes symptoms

A

Hepatitis C virus

69
Q

Morphology of HCV, it incubates 9 weeks

A

Enveloped single-stranded RNA

70
Q

Only protein produced by HDV

A

Delta antigen HDAg

71
Q

Transmission of HEV

A

Fecal-oral

72
Q
A

Liver fibrosis

73
Q
A

Collapse of liver parenchyma

74
Q
A

Ground-glass appearance of hepatocytes, swollen with HBsAg

Patología Aparatos y Sistemas (5 decks)

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