inferility Flashcards
(58 cards)
what is infertility?
failure to achieve a successful pregnancy after 12 months or more of appropriate, timed unprotected intercourse or therapeutic donor insemination
when can treatment be considered for women over 35?
after 6 months
what are 7 primary causes of infertility?
- Primary ovarian insufficinecy
- PCOS
- obesity
- weight changes
- excessive exercise
- thyroid dysfunction
- hyperprolactinemia
what hormone causes ovulation?
LH
what temperature should patients monitor for if they are using temperature to check if they are ovulating?
between 37°C and 36°C
what hormone is primarily working in the luteal phase?
progesterone
how long is teh normal range of a menstraul cycle?
25-35 days
what day does ovulation typically occur?
14
after ovulation, how long is the egg viable for? what about sperm?
24 hours; 5-7 days
what are 6 disease that may cause infertility?
- Endometriosis/ PID
- PCOS
- fibroids/polyps
- immune
- infectious- chlamydia
- unknown
what are 3 medications that are known to decraese sperm activity?
- anabolic steroids
- cocaine
- weed
what is a screening test that women should have performed?
thyroid function tests
true or false: males should be tested first if there is a concern for infertility
true
what are 6 things that women should be tested for?
- serum antimullerian hormone
- prolactin
- FSH
- estradiol
- serum prgesterone
- LH detection
what is the first treatment that can be used for infertilty?
non pharmacological treatment
what are 2 non pharm treatment options that can be used?
- avoid contributing medications/agents
- BMI <27 avoid excess exercise and dieting
what are 2 drug choices that are used to treat hyperprolactinemia?
- bromocriptine
- cabergoline
what is the first line treatment for infertility?
clomiphene citrate
what is the MOA of clomiphene citrate?
estrogen antagonist that inhibits negative feedback at the hypothalamus and increases the release of FSH
how is clomiphene citrate taken?
orally
when can you consider another therapy after the use of clomiphene?
after 6 cycles with no pregnancy
if you use clomiphene for longer than ___ months there is an increased risk of ovarian cancer
12
what are 2 positive predictors of clomiphene?
- age <30
- history of amenorrhea (vs oligomenorrhea)
what is the MOA of the aromatase inhibitors?
nonsteroidal competitive inhibitors of aromatase to prevent the conversion of androgen to estrogen
