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Nursing 201 > Infertility > Flashcards

Infertility Flashcards

(74 cards)

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0
Q

At what age is infertility considered after 6 months?

A

35 years old

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1
Q

No conception after 1 year of unprotected intercourse

A

Infertility

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2
Q

This factor completely prevents reproduction for one partner

A

Sterility

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3
Q

This factor is when both partners have reduced fertility

A

Subfertility

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4
Q

This is when a couple have never been able to conceive a child

A

Primary infertility

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5
Q

This is when a couple has been able to conceive but cannot get pregnant again

A

Secondary infertility

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6
Q

What is the optimal age to become pregnant?

A

20-25 years old

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7
Q

Overweight, age, smoking and drinking alcohol, stress , and chemicals can decrease fertility in what sex?

A

Both male and female

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8
Q

Failure for ovaries to produce eggs or inconsistent ovulation

A

Anovulation

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9
Q

Anovulation consists of what percentage of infertility?

A

25%

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10
Q

What hormone influences impair ovulation?

A

Hypothalamus and pituitary

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11
Q

What structure is responsible for infertility when the egg cannot get through or the sperm cannot get to the eggs?

A

Fallopian tubes

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12
Q

Fallopian tubes are usually damaged by what?

A

Scar tissue

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13
Q

Inflammation of the tubes?

A

Salpingitis

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of tubal pregnancies?

A

PID

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15
Q

Uterine tissue outside of the uterus

A

Endometriosis

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16
Q

Growths on the uterine wall that causes a risk in spontaneous abortion

A

Uterine fibroids

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17
Q

This causes changes to occur prior to the eggs so it can move the egg; receptors for sperm. It’s is usually alkaline, acellular, elastic, and profuse

A

Receptive cervical mucus

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18
Q

What is the hormone responsible for mucus to become receptor?

A

Estrogen

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19
Q

Cervical surgeries (cryotherapy, cautery, and cone biopsy) decrease cervical mucus called a dry cervix which decreases what?

A

Sperm survival

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20
Q

If there sis hormonal balance it can cause the mucus to be non receptive because why?

A

Estrogen is needed to move sperm

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21
Q

A cervical infection can change the mucus pH and make it alkaline or acidic, which can kill the sperm

A

Acidic

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22
Q

What are the two treatments to increase cervical mucus?

A

Estrogen therapy

Robitussin ( thins mucus)

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23
Q

What are the 4 things that affect female fertility?

A

Anovulation
Tubal structure
Uterine fibroids
Cervical mucus

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24
What are the 3 things that affect make fertility?
Spermatogenesis disorders Structural factors Intercourse disorders
25
The process of forming mature sperm
Spermatogenesis
26
A decrease in LH, FSH, and testosterone production is a Spermatogenesis disorder that is due to what?
Endocrine disorder involving the male pituitary
27
These substances such as alcohol, chemotherapeutics, heroin, and medications as well as illness and infections affect sperm and motility are called what?
Gonadotoxins
28
Inflammation of the testicle
Orchitis
29
Prostate produces coating for sperm but is inflamed is called what?
Prostatitis
30
What is another infection that can affect sperm motility and reproduction?
STIs
31
Mumps, hear exposure, biking, pelvic radiation, testi inflammation with puberty are all systemic illness that do what?
Alter sperm
32
The effect of normal sperm pathway due to structural changes affects sperm amount and quality
Structural factors
33
A vasectomy, inguinal hernia, congenital absence of vas deference, hyposadias, and varicocele can affect what?
Normal sperm pathway
34
Inferior urinary meatus is called?
Hypospadias
35
Inadequate valves that lead to congestion of blood and alters sperm quality
Varicocele
36
Inability to achieve or maintain an erection?
ED (erectile dysfunction)
37
Sperm enters the bladder instead of exiting the penis (seen in DM, and multiple sclerosis patients)
Retrograde ejaculation
38
Male or females systems can produce sperm antibodies which decreases sperm motility. Males can be triggered by surgery/trauma or female vaginal flora and females system is stimulated by male semen.
Immunologic infertility
39
Who is referred to the urologist?
Male
40
Who is referred to the reproductive endocrinologist?
Male and female
41
Who is referred to the gynecologist?
Female
42
This procedure is non invasive. It is collected 2-3 days after abstinence and is brought in within an hour or on site after ejaculation.
Semen analysis
43
The semen analysis looks at what?
Quality Quantity Motility
44
This procedure is not expensive and determines normal ovulation occurring which measures temperature each day to detect a rise. It is done at the same time each morning.
BBT (basal body temperature)
45
What has occurred a day prior to the elevation of a temperature in the BBT?
Ovulation
46
This urine test detects and LH surge. It is provided OTC and tells the optimal time for intercourse.
LH surge detection test
47
This tests the receptive mucus to determine if it is thin, watery, elastic, and stretches.
Cervical mucus evaluation
48
Mucus is looked under a microscope to indicate estrogen is present. If it is, ferning of the mucus will be present.
Ferning capacity
49
Radiopaque dye is instilled in the uterus and evaluates patency of tubes and is done after menses. It caused moderate discomfort so ibuprofen is given prior to procedure.
Hysterosalpingography
50
During this procedure a scope is placed in the uterus to visualize structures and for polyps and fibroids. This is done in the office with no anesthesia.
Hysteroscopy
51
This is a procedure that visualizes pelvic organs. It is done in the OR and the abdomen is distended to see structures. It evaluates endometriosis, PID, adhesions, tumors, and cysts.
Diagnostic laparoscopy
52
This is a biopsy of the uterus at the end of the menstrual cycle and evaluates the endometrium.
Endometrial biopsy
53
What is pain associated with ovulation?
Mittleschmerz
54
Artificial lubricants decrease fertility by how much?
50%
55
What can we teach the patient about position after sex?
Superior position Remain in bed after sex Have sex 2-3 times a week every other day
56
What treatment can we give if antibodies are present?
Corticosteroids | Condoms until ovulation
57
The removal of uterine fibroids is called what?
Myomectomy
58
What is the 1st line of therapy medication for infertility? It induces ovulation in 70% of women.
Clomid
59
It is administered for 5 days, on cycle days 3-7 (which jumps starts follicular growth), stimulates hypothalamus to secrete GnRH, and is given concurrent with estrogen therapy.
Clomid.
60
Why is estrogen given with Clomid?
It has antiestrogen properties.
61
What are some side effects of Clomid?
``` Ovarian cysts Hot flashes HA Breast discomfort Blurred vision ```
62
Treatment therapy medication given for polycystic ovarian disease is what?
Oral hypoglycemics
63
Repronex, menopur, and Bravelle are given to directly stimulate follicular development are called what?
Gonadotropins
64
This medication improves the luteal phase defects
Progesterone
65
This therapy involves ejaculated sperm separated from semen and placed at the cervical os or in the uterus by a catheter
Therapeutic insemination
66
A homologous sperm sample comes from who's sperm?
Spouse
67
A heterologous sperm sample comes from who's sperm?
Donor
68
How long does donor sperm have to be frozen for due to HIV and disease.
6 months
69
The therapy includes the women's egg collected, fertilized in the lab, and placed in the uterus
In Vitro fertilization or embryo transfer
70
This therapy includes eggs that are retrieved and replaced directly in Fallopian tube with sperm. It's 25% successful
GIFT - gamete intra Fallopian tube transfer
71
This therapy is when the embryo transferred earlier in cell division are placed in the Fallopian tubes. Less invasive and more successful.
ZIFT - zygote intrafallopian transfer and TET tubal embryo transfer
72
Someone who provides embryo carried pregnancy and gives up rights to the child.
Surrogate
73
Couples sperm and egg implanted into another woman's uterus. Done by IVF donor sperm and donor eggs.
Gestational surrogate

Nursing 201 (21 decks)

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