Inflamasome, Neutrophils, NK cells Macrophage receptors, Opsonization.

Question 1

Direct interaction of macrophage with antigen

Answer 1

PRR and PAMPS

Question 2

Indirect interaction

Answer 2

-Molecules bind to pathogens, –opsonins interact with cognate receptors on phagocytes

Question 3

opsonins and their receptors

Answer 3

Fc-gamma, Fc-gamma-R - CR-1, C3b - CRP binding site, CRP

Question 4

Neutrophils differentiate from

Answer 4

GM progenitors using G-CSF

Question 5

half life of neutrophils

Answer 5

8 hours

Question 6

neutrophils enter tissue during

Answer 6

inflammation by CXCL8/IL8(chemokine) or C5a(Chemotactic factor

Question 7

neutrophils similarities to macrophages

Answer 7

-same direct or indirect recognition -same phagocytosis and armamentarium -affected by IFN-gamma, TNF, IL-4 IL-10 and TGF-beta -PAMP PRR system

Question 8

neutropihls do not

Answer 8

present antigens for t cells or secrete cytokines.

Question 9

inflammasome activation leads to

Answer 9

Pro-caspase-1 production which is changed to Caspase 1. Caspase 1 cleaves IL1 and IL18 and then they are secreted

Question 10

Thp is activated by

Answer 10

dendritic cell to Th0

Question 11

Th1 is created by

Answer 11

Activation of Thp by dendritic cell, which is changed to Th0 and then to Th1 by cytokines IFN-gamma, IL-2, TNF. Dendritic cells also secrete IL 12 which tells NK cells to secrete IFN- gamma. The IFN gamma, IL-2

Question 12

indirect is the interaction of

Answer 12

an intermediary protein which has bound to an antigen with a receptor on the phagocyte.

Question 13

opsonins are generated when

Answer 13

components other than phagocytes are acitvated in response to the pathogen

Question 14

the sources of the different opsonins

Answer 14

B cells secrete IgG Macrophages secrete IL- 6 which targets hepatocytes and the hepotcytes secrete CRP Complement system releases C3b

Question 15

macrophages are not as affective as antigen presenting cells as

Answer 15

dendritic cells

Question 16

Macrophages are more likely to serve as APC in

Answer 16

secondary immune response

Question 17

secondary immune response usually occurs at

Answer 17

the site of infection

Question 18

primary immune response usualy occurs at

Answer 18

secondary lymphoid tissue

Question 19

macrophages also express like dendritic cells

Answer 19

CD4 CCR5, CXCR4 which means they can be infected with HIV

Question 20

macrophage activation upregulates

Answer 20

Class II MHC and costimulatory molecules.

Question 21

iNOS activation requires two signals

Answer 21

a priming signal delivered by bacterial products and a second signal delivered by TNF

Question 22

source and distribution of NK cells

Answer 22

differentaited from lymphoid progenitor in the bone marrow and presents in the blood, spleen and peritoneal exudate.

Question 23

Roles of NK cells

Answer 23

destroy infected and tumor cells, secrete INF gamma following activation by IL12

Question 24

NK inhibitory receptors

Answer 24

Class 1 MHC receptors,

Question 25

binding of NKG2D on target cell can lead to

Answer 25

destruction of that target cell. it is a stres is induced activator

Question 26

MICA

Answer 26

MHC class 1 chain related gene A, may be upregulated on virally infected cell. THis activates.

Question 27

MHC class 1 can be upregulated following

Answer 27

exposure to cytokines IFN gammaor IFN Alpha/beta

Question 28

IFN Alpha is released by

Answer 28

virally infected leukocytes

Question 29

IFN beta is released by

Answer 29

virally infected fibroblasts

Question 30

MHC classs 1 can be downregulated by

Answer 30

stress viral infections tumors (which can all lead to upregulation of MICA as well. )

Question 31

antibody cell mediated cytotoxicity is contingent on

Answer 31

B cell activation and production of IgG antibodies that recognize an antigen on the target cell.

Question 32

when IgG antibodies bind to target cells

Answer 32

the portion that is available for binding is the Fc gamma region (IgG binds to target cell via FAB region)

Question 33

NK cells expressing receptor Fcgamma R

Answer 33

bind to the target cell via Fc-Gamma