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Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflammation?

A

A reaction to injury or infection

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2
Q

When is inflammation good?

A

As a response to injury or infection

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3
Q

When is inflammation bad?

A

In autoimmunity or as an overreaction to a stimulus

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4
Q

What are the features of chronic inflammation?

Onset, duration, resolution

A

Slow onset or sequel to acute inflammation
Long duration
May never resolve

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5
Q

Two examples of chronic inflammation

A

Tuberculosis
Rheumatoid arthritis

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6
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

A pattern of chronic inflammation involving an aggregation of macrophages

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7
Q

Examples of diseases featuring granuloma

A

Crohn’s
Tuberculosis
Leprosy
Sarcoidosis

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8
Q

What are the features of acute inflammation?

Onset, duration, resolution

A

Fast onset
Short duration
Usually resolves

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9
Q

Example of acute inflammation

A

Acute appendicitis

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10
Q

What are some causes of acute inflammation?

A

Microbial infections
Hypersensitivity
Physical agents
Chemicals
Bacterial toxins
Tissue necrosis

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11
Q

What are three processes in the acute inflammatory response?

A

Increased vascular permeability and formation of exudate
Changes in vessel calibre and flow
Emigration of neutrophil polymorphs into extravascular space

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12
Q

What are some chemical mediators in the acute inflammatory response?

A

Histamine
Thrombin
Bradykinin
Prostaglandin

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13
Q

What do endogenous chemical mediators cause?

A

Vasodilation
Neutrophil emigration
Chemotaxis
Increased vascular permeability
Itching and pain

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14
Q

What are the systemic effects of acute inflammation

A

Pyrexia
Weight loss
Haematological changes
Amyloidosis

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15
Q

What are the outcomes of acute inflammation?

A

Depend on the tissue involved
Resolution
Suppuration
Organisation
Progression to chronic inflammation

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16
Q

What cells are mostly involved in acute inflammation?

A

Neutrophils

17
Q

What cells are mostly involved in chronic inflammation?

A

Macrophage and lymphocyte

18
Q

Name 5 cells involved in inflammation

A

Neutrophil polymorphs
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Endothelial cells
Fibroblasts

19
Q

What is the role of nitric oxide in endothelial cells?

A

Nitric oxide is continuously produced from endothelial cells but stops being produced in inflammation to allow inflammatory cells to adhere

20
Q

What are the physical characteristics of inflammation?

A

Rubor - Redness
Calor - Heat
Tumor - Swelling
Dolor - Pain
Loss of function

21
Q

What are some treatments for inflammation

A

Painkillers e.g. aspirin, ibuprofen
Ice
Antihistamine
Steroids

22
Q

When should steroids be avoided?

A

In bacterial infections, as anti-inflammatory agents suppress the immune response

ICS Flashcards (7 decks)

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