Inflammation

Question 1

In-flame means

Answer 1

to set fire (red, hot, pain)

Question 2

Inflammatory Response is part of the 2nd line of defense
A. Yup
B. Naurrr

Answer 2

Yup

Question 3

A complex response to sublethal injury to a tissue

Answer 3

Inflammation

Question 4

A type of inflammation that is rapid onset & resolution

Answer 4

Acute Inflammation

Question 5

The healing process from acute inflammation usually takes about ____ weeks.

Answer 5

2 to 3 weeks

Question 6

Which cell type is predominant in acute inflammation?

Answer 6

Neutrophils

Question 7

What happens to plasma proteins during acute inflammation?

Answer 7

Rapid increase and decrease

Question 8

Does acute inflammation leave any residual damage?

Answer 8

yas

Question 9

What vascular changes occur during acute inflammation?

Answer 9

Hyperemia & exudation

Question 10

How long does chronic inflammation typically last?

Answer 10

weeks, months, or years

Question 11

What is the nature of chronic inflammation?

Answer 11

It is self-perpetuating

Question 12

What is often repeated in relation to tissue during chronic inflammation?

Answer 12

Injury to the tissue is often repeated

Question 13

What are the predominant cell types in chronic inflammation?

Answer 13

lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages

Question 14

What could be the possible effects of chronic inflammation on a person’s health?

Answer 14

It may be debilitating and devastating

Question 15

What proliferates during chronic inflammation and what does not?

Answer 15

Fibroblasts proliferate, but not exudates

Question 16

What is the risk associated with chronic inflammation

Answer 16

scarring and deformity

Question 17

What are the causative agents of chronic inflammation

Answer 17

Low-grade persistent irritants which are unable to penetrate deeply or spread rapidly, like silica and asbestos

Question 18

Can you provide some examples of conditions related to chronic inflammation?

Answer 18

Rheumatoid arthritis and Tuberculosis

Question 19

First step of inflammatory response

Answer 19

histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes are released from damaged cells

Question 20

Second step of inflammatory response

Answer 20

initiation of vascular and cellular response to promote chemotaxis

Question 21

leukocyte cling to capillary wall

Answer 21

margination

Question 22

Formed from fluids and cells that move to the site of injury

Answer 22

exudates

Question 23

Third step of inflammatory response

Answer 23

Phagocytes roll towards the lumen wall, stick to the endothelial wall through margination

Question 24

Fourth step of inflammatory response

Answer 24

emigration (diapedesis) as phagocytes squeeze between endothelial cells to reach the infected site

Question 25

Fifth step of inflammatory response

Answer 25

phagocytosis of invading bacteria begins

Question 26

The process of inflammation is characterized by all of the following except: a. Decreased capillary permeability b. Increased blood supply to the area c. Appearance of acute phase reactants d. Migration of white blood cells

Answer 26

a. Decreased capillary permeability

Question 27

Fever can be a response to inflammatory reaction in the body. a. True b. False

Answer 27

a. True

Question 28

All are true about inflammation except: a. Healing is brought about through loss of function where regeneration of parenchymal cells are effected b. The first phase of inflammation is swelling which is brought about by plasma leakage into injury site c. All are true statements. d. Function laesa is experienced because of pain thereby causing decreased mobility by the affected area e. Blood accumulation into injury site can lead to increased heat in the area as pyrogens are released by macrophages

Answer 28

b. The first phase of inflammation is swelling which is brought about by plasma leakage into injury site

Question 29

Swollen site of injury brought about by transudates and exudates impinging on the nerve endings of the affected area results in pain

Answer 29

Dolor

Question 30

Hyperemia and the increased blood flow to the site makes the injured site warmer / hotter than normal

Answer 30

Calor

Question 31

last cardinal sign resulting from intense pain that forces the injured area to be rested

Answer 31

functio laesa

Question 32

accumulation of transudates or exudates leads to swelling of the injured tissue area

Answer 32

Tumor

Question 33

The injured tissue area appears red due to hyperemia and the release of red blood cells into the site

Answer 33

Rubor

Question 34

This chemical mediator is the first to be release in inflammation

Answer 34

histamine

Question 35

Inflammation and humoral factors are properties of this line of defense

Answer 35

second line of defense

Question 36

Fever must be allowed to play its role at all times because it can lead to increased phagocytic activity and hematopoiesis. a. True b. False

Answer 36

b. False

Question 37

First white blood cell to be mobilized in acute pyogenic infection

Answer 37

neutrophils

Question 38

Hemorrhagic Appearance

Answer 38

Bright red or bloody

Question 39

Serosanguinous Appearance

Answer 39

Blood tinged yellow or pink

Question 40

Purulent Appearance

Answer 40

Thin, cloudy, foul-smelling (thick if w/ dead & necrotic tissues)

Question 41

Catarrhal Appearance

Answer 41

Thin, clear mucus

Question 42

Fibrinous Appearance

Answer 42

Thin, usually clear, may be yellow or pink tinged or cloudy

Question 43

2nd chemical mediator in the inflammatory response

Answer 43

Bradykinin

Question 44

This chemical mediator from the arachidonic acid layer is known to produce pain and fever during inflammation

Answer 44

Prostaglandin

Question 45

All are true of fever except: a. There is high metabolic rate for WBC maturation during fever b. Fever must immediately be treated to avoid infection c. Systemic effect of inflammation due to endogenous cytokines d. May be caused by pyrogens that reset the thermostat in the hypothalamus

Answer 45

b. Fever must immediately be treated to avoid infection

Question 46

Primary mediator of the humoral immune system response that helps body produce inflammation and helps localize infectious agents

Answer 46

Complement System

Question 47

Cellular response where neutrophils, monocytes, leukocytes move to the inner surface of the capillaries

Answer 47

Migration

Question 48

Mechanism to ensure accumulation of neutrophils and monocytes at the focus of injury

Answer 48

chemotaxis

Question 49

A complex and dynamic process that results in the restoration of anatomic and continuity of function.

Answer 49

Healing

Question 50

Key cell in the proliferative phase that is aa connective tissue that synthesizes and secretes collagen and other intercellular elements needed for wound healing

Answer 50

fibroblast

Question 51

formation of new blood vessels

Answer 51

angiogenesis

Question 52

process of collagen synthesis (by fibroblast) and lysis (collagenase enzyme)

Answer 52

remodeling

Question 53

Systemic reaction due to the release of leukocytes from the bone marrow and combat infection – immature leukocytes

Answer 53

Leukocytosis

Question 54

Systemic reaction Enhances Interferon activity Release of prostaglandin

Answer 54

Fever

Question 55

Other systemic reactions to inflammation

Answer 55

● Malaise ● Nausea ● Anorexia