Inflammation

Question 1

inflammatory reactions involve

Answer 1

-blood vessles
- blood plasma and cells
- connective tissues
- parenchymal cells

Question 2

what are the 3 main compenents of acute inflammation

Answer 2

Vascular
Leukocyte
Release/ activation of mediators

Question 3

Acute inflammation vascular effect

Answer 3

increase:
arterial dilation
post-capillary leakiness

Question 4

Acute inflammation leukocyte effect

Answer 4

increase:
- recruitment
- chemotaxis/ activation

Question 5

Acute inflammation mediator effect

Answer 5

causes an increase of release and activation of mediators

Question 6

infection-induced inflammation is coupled with

Answer 6

induction of an immune response

Question 7

what are three inflammatory triggers

Answer 7

Infection
tissue injury
tissue stress and malfunction

Question 8

generic inflammatory pathway consist of

Answer 8

inducers
sensors
mediators
effectors

Question 9

what are the classifications of inducers of inflammation

Answer 9

exogenous or endogenous

Question 10

what type of mediator plays a key role in acute inflammation

Answer 10

chemical mediators

Question 11

what is fibrosis

Answer 11

loss of function

Question 12

what causes fibrosis

Answer 12

prolonged chronic inflammation

Question 13

chemical mediators originate from

Answer 13

either plasma or cells

Question 14

plasma…

Answer 14

precursor forms activated proteolytic cleavage

Question 15

cells…

Answer 15

sequestered in granules or synthesized de novo

Question 16

chem mediators are triggered

Answer 16

by microbial products, host proteins, damaged tissues

Question 17

how do chem mediators mediate

Answer 17

binding to specific receptors on cells

Question 18

chem mediators stimulate

Answer 18

release of other mediators

Question 19

chem mediators act

Answer 19

on more than one target and has differing effects on diff cells

Question 20

the activity of chem mediators is

Answer 20

short-lived

Question 21

what are the general effects of chem mediators

Answer 21

vasodilation, vascular permeability, leukocyte recruitment

Question 22

Chem mediator in secretory granules
newly synthesized
factor XII
complement activation

Answer 22

histamine
platelet-activating factors
coagulation
anaphylatoxins

Question 23

what are the role of mediators in leukocyte trafficking and activation

Answer 23

-Redistribution of P-selection
-Cytokine induction of endothelial adhesion molecules
- increased avidity of integrins

Question 24

what doe increased avidity of integrins cause

Answer 24

chemotaxis by C5a, LTB4, IL-8

Question 25

the chemotaxis then cause

Answer 25

cytokines

Question 26

Low TNF causes Moderate TNF High TNF

Answer 26

local inflammation Systemic effects Septic shock

Question 27

what two shocks are by mediators

Answer 27

septic and anaphylactic

Question 28

what causes septic shock

Answer 28

gram-positive bacteria or LPS of gram negative bacteria

Question 29

LPS initiates systemic cytokine cascade resulting in

Answer 29

- increased systemic vasodilation - widespread epithelial injury - increased coagulation - multiorgan system failure

Question 30

decreased blood volume causes

Answer 30

collapse of vessels

Question 31

Disseminated intravascular coagulation causes

Answer 31

wasting and multiple organ failure

Question 32

4 features of anaphylaxis shock

Answer 32

1) systemic type 1 hypersensitivity 2) large amounts of histamines, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, TNF 3) insect sting, food, drug 4) influenced by genetic factors