Inflammation

Question 1

Particulate matter, bacteria, damaged cells & inflammatory exudate are removed through phagocytosis.
Prepares wound for healing.

Answer 1

Debridement

Question 2

Marked increase in blood supply.

-responsible for characteristic sign of erythema.

Answer 2

Hyperemia

Question 3

Leukocytes aggregate, or line up, along inner surface of blood vessels.

Answer 3

Margination

Question 4

Leukocytes move through blood vessel wall into affected tissue spaces

Answer 4

emigration

Question 5

bone marrow produces leukocytes in larger numbers and releases them into blood stream.

Answer 5

leukocytosis

Question 6

Three stages of inflammation

Answer 6

1- vascular & cellular response
2- exudate production
3- reparative phase

Question 7

Vascular & cellular responses

Answer 7

At site of injury: blood vessels constrict
-tissues release histamines, kinins, & prostaglandins
etc

Question 8

Exudate production

Answer 8

-fluid escaped from blood vessels, dead phagocytic cells & dead tissue cells…

Question 9

Reparative phase

Answer 9

-repair of injured tissues

Question 10

replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical or similar in structure and function

Answer 10

regeneration

Question 11

Fragile, gelatinous tissue that appears pink or red because of newly formed capillaries.

Answer 11

Granulation tissue

Question 12

Stored and release by mast cells; causes dilation of blood vessels, smooth-muscle constriction, tissue swelling & itching
-stimulates pain receptors

Answer 12

histamine

Question 13

detect foreign agents or injury and respond by releasing histamine

Answer 13

mast cells

Question 14

rapid release of chemical mediators or inflammation on a large scale throughout body is responsible for:

Answer 14

anaphylaxis

Question 15

What is anaphylaxis

Answer 15

life-threatening allergic response that may result in shock and death.

Question 16

• present in an inactive form in plasma and mast cells
• vasodilator that causes pain
• effects similar to histamine

Answer 16

Bradykinn

Question 17

series of at least 20 proteins that combine in cascade fashion to neutralize or destroy an antigen.

Answer 17

Complement

Question 18

stored & released by mast cells, effects similar to histamine

Answer 18

leukotrienes

Question 19

• present in most tissues
• released by mast cells
• increase capillary permeability
• attract WBC to inflammation site
• cause pain

Answer 19

prostaglandins

Question 20

Symptoms of anaphylaxis

Answer 20

• wheezing, labored breathing
• hives, itching
• abnormal heart rhythm
• inflammation of airways, swelling throat
• weakness, dizziness
• nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 21

Treatment for anaphylaxis

Answer 21

-epinephrine, dexamethason or diphehydramine

Question 22

formation of stones in gallbladder

Answer 22

cholelithiasis

Question 23

a sever, steady pain in the spigastric region or right upper quadrant (RUQ) of the abdomen. Pain may radiate to back or shoulder.

Answer 23

Biliary colic

Question 24

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Answer 24

Cholecystitis

Question 25

collection of infected fluid in the gallbladder: gangrene & perforation w/ resulting peritonitis or abscess formation.

Answer 25

Empyema

Question 26

What are gallstones made of:

Answer 26

mostly cholesterol and a mixture of bile components.

Question 27

obstruction of small intestine by a large gallstone

Answer 27

gallstone ileus

Question 28

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 28

chronic inflammatory bowel disorder that affects the mucosa and submucosa of the colon and rectum.

Question 29

- recurrent ulcerative colitis - attacks last 1-3 months - occur at interval of months to years - distal colon affected.

Answer 29

Chronic intermittent colitis

Question 30

-acute form of ulcerative colitis that involves the entire colon

Answer 30

fulminant colitis

Question 31

Chronic, relapsing inflammatory disorder affecting the GI tract. - also known as regional enteritis - may affect any portion of GI tract from mouth to anus. - usually affects terminal ileum & ascending colon

Answer 31

Crohn's disease