Inflammation Flashcards
(31 cards)
What are the two types of inflammatory mediators exist?
Plasma inflammatory mediators
Cell derived
What cells are located inside the lymph nodes?
Naive b and T cells
Where are the plasma derived inflammatory mediators found?
Within the plasma circulating in the blood vessels
Where are the plasma derived inflammatory mediators produced?
In the liver
What are the two types of plasma inflammatory mediators?
Complement and kinins
What is the name for dendritic cells within the skin?
Largerhans cells
Which cells in the skin cause vasodilation and increased vascular permeability following an infection? And what product is released from this cells?
Mast cells
Histamine
What happens to the endothelial cells lining the blood vessel during inflammation?
They contract which allows blood products to escape and enter the tissue which is inflamed
What is the process of migration of the blood cells into the inflamed tissue site?
Diapedesis
What molecules of macrophages release?
Cytokines
Which cytokines are important in inflammation?
TNF alpha and IL-1
What is the role of TNF-alpha and IL-1?
Local: inflammation and tissue repair via activating fibroblasts
Systemic: leukocytosis (accumalation of white blood cells in blood vessels) and fever
What is the difference between macrophage and monocytes?
Monocytes are white blood cells in blood vessels
Macrophages are monocytes in the tissue
What are examples of cell derived inflammatory mediators?
Cytokines and histamine
What are ecasinoids?
They are made from phospholipid precursors which is arachadonic acid. They are inflamm mediators
What is arachadonic acid?
20 carbon fatty acids with four double bonds
How does arachidonic acid make ecasinoids?
Two main pathways via COX enzyme or Lipoxeganse enzyme
What happens if arachidonic acid is broken down by lipoxygenases?
Leukotrienes are formed
What happens if arachidonic acid is broken down via COX enzyme?
Thrombaxanes and prostaglandins are formed
What are the three types of ecasinoids?
Leukotrienes
Prostaglandins
Thromboxanes
What is the membrane of our cells made from?
Phospholipid bilayer
What is the function of the phospholipids in inflammation?
Phospholipids is converted by an enzyme Phosphlipase A2 into arachidonic acid and lyso paf which is a precursor for platelet activation factor
What is the effect of adrenal glands on inflammation?
They secrete glucocorticoids which causes the level to rise in the body. This is then converted to lipcortin which inhibits the actions of phospholipase A2 therefore less arachidonic acid is produced.
From what and why are thromboxanes formed?
They are formed from the Prostaglandin H2 which is an unstable molecule thus quickly broken down via thromboxane A2 synthase
