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First Aid Pathology > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death, require ATP

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2
Q

DNA laddering

A

indicator of apoptosis, 180 BP fragments

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3
Q

Apoptosis characterization

A

eosinophilic, shrinkage, pyknosis (nuc shrinks), basophilia, membrane blebbing, karyorrhexis (nuc frags), apoptotic bodies

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4
Q

BAX protein

A

instrinsic pathway for apoptosis, pro-apoptosis

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5
Q

in remodeling in embryogenesis

A

instrinsic pathway for apoptosis

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6
Q

Bcl-2

A

anti-apoptosis, prevents cytochrome c release by binding Apaf-1

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7
Q

Fas Ligand attaches CD95(Fas)

A

extrinsic pathway for apoptosis

Necessary for thymic medullary negative selection

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8
Q

Defective Fas-FasL interaction

A

Autoimmune Disorders

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9
Q

Necrosis

A

Intracellular components leak, have an inflammatory process

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10
Q

Necrosis of Heart, Liver and Kidney

A

Coagulative Necrosis, tissues supplies by end arteries

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11
Q

Proteins denature first, followed by enzymatic degradation

A

Coagulative necrosis

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12
Q

Necrosis of CNS (brain) and bacterial Abscess

A

Liquifactive Necrosis because enzymatic degradation 1st

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13
Q

Caseous Necrosis

A

TB, systemic fungi, Nocardia

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14
Q

Enzymatic Fatty Necrosis

A

Pancreatitis via saponification

have calcium deposits

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15
Q

Nonenzymatic Fatty necrosis

A

Breast Tissue Trauma

have calcium deposits

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16
Q

Fibrinoid Necrosis

A

In vascular tissue
seen in HSP, Churg-Strauss, malignant HTN
Is amorphous and pink on H&E

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17
Q

Gangrenous Necrosis

A

Dry - ischemic coagulative
Wet - infectino present
common in limbs and GI tract

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18
Q

Susceptible to Ischmia in Heart

A

Left ventricular Sunendocardium

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19
Q

Susceptible to Ischmia in Kidney

A

Straight Segment of proximal tubule (medulla)

TAL in medulla

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20
Q

Susceptible to Ischmia in Liver

A

Area around Central Vein (zone III)

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21
Q

Susceptible to Ischmia in Colon

A

Splenic Flexure and rectum

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22
Q

Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

A

affects pyramidalcells of hippocampus and Purkinje cells of cerebellum

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23
Q

Red Infarct

A

hemorrhagic infarct, occurs in loose tissues with multiple blood supplies (liver, lung, intestine)

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24
Q

Pale Infarct

A

in solid tissues with a single blood supply

heart, kidney, spleen

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25
Distributive Shock
high-output cardiac failure, vasodilation so warm, dry skin | failure to increase BP with IV fluids
26
Types of Distributive Shock
Septic, Neurogenic, Anaphylactic
27
Hypovolemic and Cardiogenic Shock
low-output failure, vasoconstriction (cold, clammy) | BP restored with IV fluids
28
Atrophy
Reduction in size and or number of cells
29
Inflammation
rubor (redness), dolor (pain), calor (heat), tumor (swelling), and functio laesa (loss of function)
30
Acute Inflammation
neutrophils, eosinophils, and antibody mediated | seconds to minutes and lasts minutes to days
31
Outcomes of Acute inflammation
complete resolution, abscess, or progression to chronic
32
Chronic inflammation
mononuclear cells and fibroblast mediated; persistent destruction and repair BV proliferation, fibrosis
33
Granuloma
chronic inflammation, nodular collections of epithelioid macrophages and giant cells
34
Outcomes of Chronic Inflammation
Scarring and amyloidosis
35
Chromatolysis
Axonal injury affecting cell body | increased protein synthesis: round cellular swelling, nucleus moves to periphery, Dispersed Nissl substance
36
Dystrophic Calcification
calcium deposition secondary to necrosis localized like in heart valves NOT associated with Hypercalcemia
37
See Dystrophic Calcification in:
TB, liquefactive necrosis of chronic abscess, fat necrosis, infarcts, thrombi, schistosomiasis, Monckeberg arteriolosclerosis, congenital CMV + toxoplasmosis, psammoma bodies
38
Metastatic Calcification
Widespread deposition of calcium in normal tissues secondary to HYPERcalcemia sarcoidosis, hypervitaminosis D, Primary hyperPTH
39
Margination and Rolling on Vessel
E and P-selectin | GlyCAM-1 and CD34
40
Margination and Rolling on Leukocyte
Sialyl-Lewis which attach P and E-selectin | L-selectin which attaches GlyCAM-1 and CD34
41
Tight Binding receptors on vessel
ICAM-1 (CD54) and VCAM-1 (CD106)
42
Tight Binding receptors on leukocyte
CD11/18 integrins | LFA-1, Mac-1, CLA-4 integrin
43
Diapedesis
leukocyte travels between endothelial cells and exits blood vessel PECAM-1 CD31
44
Migration
leukocyte travels through interstitium to site of injury or infection guided by chemotactic signals
45
Acetaminophen Overdose
fulminant hepatitis, renal papillary necrosis
46
Iron overload
hemochromatosis
47
Parallel collagen arrangement confined to borders of original wound, increase collagen synthesis
Hypertrophic Scar
48
Disorganized collagen arrangement extending beyond borders of original wound
Keloid Scar
49
PDGF
secreted by activated platelets and macrophages, induces vascular remodeling and smooth muscle cell migration Stim fibroblast growth for collagen synthesis
50
FGF
stimulates all aspects of angiogenesis
51
EGF
stimulates cell growth vis TKs
52
TGF-beta
angiogenesis, fibrosis, cell cycle arrest
53
Metalloproteinases
Tissue remodeling
54
First cell in wound
Neutrophils, and Macrophages clear debris 2 days later
55
Proliferative phase of wound healing
2-3 days after wound. | deposition of granulation tissue and collagen, angiogenesis, dissolution of clot and wound contraction
56
Remodeling of Wound
1 week after wound type II collagen replaced by type I collagen increases tensile strength of tissue
57
Specific Gravity >1.020
Exudate
58
Specific Gravity <1.020
Transudate
59
Protein rich, due to lymphatic obstruction, inflammation/infection, malignancy
Exudate
60
increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased oncotic pressure, sodium retention
Transudate
61
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
products of inflammation coat RBCs and cause aggregation. When aggregated, RBCs fall at a faster rate within the test tube
62
Increased ESR
most anemias, infections, inflammation, cancer, pregnancy, autoimmune disorders
63
Decreased ESR
SIckle cell, Polycythemia, CHF
64
MoA of iron poisoning
Cell death due to peroxidation of membrane lipids
65
Acute Iron Poisoning
N/V, gastric bleeding, lethargy
66
Chronic Iron Poisoning
Metabolic acidosis, scarring leading to GI obstruction
67
tx for Iron Poisoning
IV deferoxamine, oral deferasirox and dialysis
68
Amyloidosis
abnormal aggregation of proteins into beta-pleated sheet structures leading to damage and apoptosis
69
Primary Amyloidosis
AL - deposition of proteins from Ig Light Chains | associated with multiple myeloma
70
Secondary amyloidosis
AA - seen with chronic conditions like RA, IBD, spondyloarthropathy, protracted infection. serum has amyloid A
71
Congo Red Stain
Amyloidosis
72
Amyloid Precursor Protein
Alzheimer's
73
Islet amyloid polypeptide IAPP
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 caused by deposition of amylin in pancreatic islets
74
Yellow-brown wear-and-tear pigment associated with normal aging
Lipofuscin
75
Name of the coolest fishy ever?
Molly! (but the fish is a DUDE!)

First Aid Pathology (2 decks)

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