Inflammation Flashcards
(51 cards)
what is the purpose of acute inflammation?
To maintain integrity of the organism
what is acute inflammation?
It is a series of protective changes occurring in a living tissue as response to injury
Give 3 signs of accuse inflammation…
Rubor, calor, tumor,dolor, loss of function
Give 3 causes of acute inflammation…
- pathogenic organisms (bateria, virus, fungi, parasites)
- Trauma (injury)
- Upset to chemical balance
- Extreme conditions
- Dead tissue
- hypersensitivity
where does acute inflammation take place?
In the macrocirculation
What effect does increasing the radius of the blood vessel have on the flow of blood?
It increases the blood flow and causes redness of the skin, heat is also radiated
minuet increase in vessel radius causes….. increase in blood flow
Massive
what are the three steps in acute inflammation?
- increasing radius of the blood vessels
- increase permeability of blood vessels
- movement of neutrophils
what is the result of increasing vessel permeability?
It is a localised vascular response which results in exudation
what is present in the exudate that is leaked?
a protein rich solution with plasma, immunoglobulins and fibrinogens
what effect does the exudation have?
causes oedema (swelling)
what is the purpose of swelling?
It causes pain and therefore the function is reduced reducing further damage
increased permeability reduces the flow in the vessels why is that important?
It means that stasis is returned to normal
what is normal laminar flow?
erythrocytes are flow faster near the vessel wall and the smaller WBC flow in the middle
why is laminar flow reversed in acute inflammation?
the WBC are attracted to the vessel wall for easy transport to the affected area
what occurs during margination?
The neutrophils move to endothelium of vessel
What happens during pavementing?
Neutrophils adhere to the endothelium
what happens during emigration?
the neutrophils squeeze through the endothelium tissue- active process
why are the cardinal signs a benefit of acute inflammation?
they generally cause loss of function and so they act as a protection method
what is the function of the plasma proteins?
to localise the process
what is the purpose of neutrophils?
to destroy organisms and denature antigen for microphages
what cells are the central cells when dealing with acute inflammation?
Neutrophils
how do the neutrophils move towards the foreign antigen?
utilising the cytokine concentration gradient
what immune mechanism do they use?
Phagocytosis
