Inflammation

Question 1

Ultimate goals of inflammation repair?

Answer 1

Restore function, replace damaged tissue, promote regeneration of normal tissue

Question 2

Inflammation “signs”

Answer 2

Heat, Redness, Swelling, Pain, and loss of function

Question 3

How long is inflammation phase?

Answer 3

1 to 6 days

Question 4

How long is proliferation phase?

Answer 4

3 to 20 days

Question 5

How long is maturation phase?

Answer 5

9 days to 2 years

Question 6

Inflammation Phase

Answer 6

Prepares wound for healing by destroying, diluting and isolating cells or agents that may be at fault. (Necessary prerequisite for healing)

Question 7

Proliferation phase

Answer 7

Rebuild damaged structures and strengthens the wound

Question 8

Maturation phase

Answer 8

Modifies the scar tissue into its mature form

Question 9

What are the four inflammation phases

Answer 9

Vascular Response
Hemostatic Response
Cellular Response
Immune Response

Question 10

Hyperemia

Answer 10

Increase in blood

Question 11

Pain results from

Answer 11

The pressure of swelling and form irritation of pain-sensitive structures by chemicals released from damage cells

Question 12

What causes vasodilation and increased permeability in venules?

Answer 12

Histamine

Question 13

Histamine attracts _____________ to damaged tissue?

Answer 13

Leukocytes (WBC)

Question 14

What’s two mediators control inflammation phase

Answer 14

Humoral and neural mediators

Question 15

Vascular response sequence

Answer 15

Transient constriction —> vasodilation—>leukocyte migration—> increased vascular permeability

Question 16

Vascular Respone

Answer 16

Swelling and redness

Question 17

Homeostatic Response

Answer 17

Controls blood loss when vessels are damaged

Question 18

Cellular Response

Answer 18

Leukocytes migrate to site to clear area of debris; sets stage for tissue repair

Question 19

Immune response

Answer 19

Activates neutrophils and other infection fighting cells, complement system

Question 20

During cellular response (phagocytosis) what 3 what blood cells are released

Answer 20

Neutrophils
Basophils
Eosinophils

Question 21

Phagocytosis

Answer 21

“Clean up” injury cite, major mechanism used to remove pathogens and cell debris

Question 22

Monocytes converts into ____________ starting two days after injury

Answer 22

Macrophages

Question 23

T lymphocytes

Answer 23

Makes antibodies and inhibit bacteria and viruses

Question 24

Complement System

Answer 24

Plasma proteins, forms membrane attack complex, attracts leukocytes

Question 25

Proliferation phase

Answer 25

Covers wound and strengthens injury site

Question 26

4 processes that occur simultaneously for closure of wound

Answer 26

Epithelialization Collagen production Wound contraction Neovascularization

Question 27

What is epithelialization?

Answer 27

The reestablishment of the epidermis that provides a protective barrier to prevent infection in loss of fluid

Question 28

Collagen production

Answer 28

A process of wound strengthening through fibroplasia

Question 29

Type 3 Collagen

Answer 29

Thin, weak-structure with NO consistent organization

Question 30

By day ___ the immature type 3 collagen starts to be replaced by type 1 collagen

Answer 30

12

Question 31

Wound Contraction

Answer 31

Final mechanism for repairing and injured area by pulling the edges of the injured site together

Question 32

The rate of wound contraction is proportional to the number of

Answer 32

Myofibroblasts

Question 33

Picture frame theory

Answer 33

States that myofibroblast located in the wound margins of open wound are responsible for centripetal forces that lead to wound contraction

Question 34

Contractors results from

Answer 34

Uncontrolled wound contracture Adhesions Tissue damage

Question 35

Neovascularization

Answer 35

The development of new blood supply to the injured area

Question 36

Granulation tissue

Answer 36

Newly formed capillaries, fibroblasts, and myofibroblasts

Question 37

Primary intention

Answer 37

Minimal tissue loss and is closed with sutures (heals with wound contraction)

Question 38

Secondary intention

Answer 38

Significant loss of tissue/bacterial contamination (heals with wound contraction)

Question 39

Delayed primary intention

Answer 39

Skin grafts/sutures later

Question 40

Scar tissue

Answer 40

Immature tissue that is red, swollen, and easily damaged

Question 41

Maturation phase

Answer 41

Restoration of injured tissue to prior function

Question 42

Where is type 3 collagen found?

Answer 42

GI tract, uterus blood vessels in adults, first during healing tissue

Question 43

What are the healing issues of cartilage?

Answer 43

Cartilage has limited ability to heal due to the lack of lymphatic, blood vessels, and nerves.

Question 44

What are the healing issues with tendons and ligaments?

Answer 44

The potential for repair of the tissues depend on the type of tendon or ligament extent of damage,vascular supply,and duration of immobilization Can achieve a state of repair close to regeneration

Question 45

What are the issues of healing in skeletal muscle

Answer 45

After a severe contusion and classified hematoma may develop

Question 46

What are the four stages of bone healing

Answer 46

Inflammation soft Callus hard callus bone remodeling