Inflammation and Cytokines

Question 1

Molecule associated with cachexia

Answer 1

• Tumor necrosis factor alpha

* Increases catabolism and insulin resistance

Question 2

TNF-alpha

• Produced by
• Actions (2)

Answer 2

• Produces mainly by macrophages
• Increases adhesion molecules
• Activates neutrophils and macrophages causing more cytokine production and cell recruitment

Question 3

IL-1

• Produced by
• Actions

Answer 3

• Mainly produced by macrophages
• Acts on hypothalamus to cause fever (PGE2 mediated)

*Alveolar macrophages produce IL-1 causing fever in atelectasis

Question 4

IL-2

- Actions

Answer 4

• Promotes T-cell proliferation and Ig production

Question 5

IL-4

- Actions

Answer 5

• Stimulates T-cell differentiation and B-cell activation

Question 6

GMCSF

- Actions

Answer 6

• Stimulates granulocyte and monocyte production from bone marrow stem cells