Inflammation and Repair Flashcards
(54 cards)
What does the presence of exudate imply?
there is an increase in the permeability of small blood vessels triggered by some sort of tissue injury and ongoing inflammation reaction
What is transudate?
fluid with low protein content
What promotes vascular leakage when released?
Vascular Endothelial growth factor–VEGF
What are Weibel -Palade Bodies and what do they produce?
Located in venular endothelial cells–glue factory of endothelial cells
Synthesize
- -P-selection- adhesion molecule for leukocytes
- -von Willebrand factor- adhesion molecule of the platelet
What do IL-1 and THF cytokines cause?
expression of L-selectins on surface of neutrophils and E/P-selectins on venular endothelial cells
What does C5a and LTB4 activate?
B2-integrins on the surface of neutrophils
also attracts neutrophils
What is neutrophilic leukocytosis and how does it occur?
Increase in peripheral blood neutrophils caused by inhibition of neutrophil B2-integrins
–Catecholamines and corticosteroids cause this
What causes adhesion of the leukocyte to the endothelial wall?
Expression of B2-integrins(Ligand) on the neutrophil and expression of VCAM/ICAM on endothelial surface
What is Leukocyte adhesion deficiency Type 1?
Deficiency of B2-integrin–neutrophils can’t adhere to endothelium
What is Leukocyte adhesion deficiency Type 2?
deficiency of an endothelial cell selection that normally binds neutrophils
What are the clinical findings seen in leukocyte adhesion deficiency?
Early sign–Delayed separation of umbilical cord–neutrophil enzymes important in cord separation
Other findings– gingivitis/poor wound healing/peripheral blood neutrophilic leukocytosis
What are some chemotaxis that attract neutrophils after transmigration?
IL-8/C5a/LTB4
What is Bruton agammaglobulinemia?
opsonization defect–pre-B cells cannot mature to B-cells–cannot synthesize IgG
What is Chediak-Higshi syndrome?
defect in microtubule function–prevents lysosomes from fusing with phagosomes to produce a phagolysosome
- -increased risk of pyogenic infections
- -Neutropenia
- -Giant granules in leukocytes
- -Albinism
- -Peripheral neuropathy
What is Chronic granulomatous disease and what does it lead to?
NADPH oxidase defect– leads to recurrent infection and granuloma formation with catalase-positive organisms
- -Staph aureus
- -Pseudomonas cepacia
NBT– abnormal–colorless because superoxide cannot be formed
What is MPO deficiency and what are pts at increased risk of?
defective conversion of H2O2 to HOCl
–increased risk for Candida infections
NBT test normal–turns blue because superoxide can be formed
What are the plasma derived factors that cause increased vascular permeability?
Hageman factor activation
Complement system activation
What are the cell derived factors that cause increased vascular permeability?
Mast cell degranulation–histamine
platelets–serotonin
inflammatory cells
endothelium
What acute inflammatory mediators cause Vasodilation?
Histamine
NO
PGI2
What acute inflammatory mediators cause vasoconstriction?
TXA2
LTC4/D4/E4
What acute inflammatory mediators cause increased venular permeability?
histamine bradykinin LTC4 LTD4 LTE4 C3a C5a
What acute inflammatory mediators cause pain?
PGE2
Bradykinin
What acute inflammatory mediators cause fever?
PGE2
IL-1
TNF
What acute inflammatory mediators are chemotaxis?
C5a/LTB4/IL-8
