Inflammation Mediators/Acute Phase Reactants

Question 1

Rubor/Calor

Answer 1

Redness/Warmth, vasodilation of arteriolar sm

Histamine, prostaglandins, bradykinin

Question 2

Tumor

Answer 2

Swelling-Endothelial contraction

Leukotrienes C4, D4, E4, histamine, serotonin

Question 3

Dolor

Answer 3

Pain- sensitization of nerve endings

Bradykinin, PGE2

Question 4

Fever mechanism

Answer 4

LPS-> Macs, they release IL-1 and TNF -> COX activity in perivascular cells of hypothalamus-> PGE2, temperature set point is increased

Question 5

Ferritin

Answer 5

binds and sequesters iron

Question 6

Fibrinogen

Answer 6

Coag factor, endothelial repair, correlates with ESR

Question 7

Serum Amyloid A

Answer 7

Prolonged elevation can lead to amyloidosis

Question 8

Hepcidin

Answer 8

dec iron absorption by degrading ferroportin, dec iron release from Macs
Anemia of chronic disease

Question 9

C- Reactive Protien

Answer 9

Opsonin, fixes compliment and facilitates phagocytosis

Nonspecific sign of inflammation

Question 10

Albumin

Answer 10

Decreased levels, conserve AAs for positive reactants

Question 11

Transferrin

Answer 11

Internalized by Macs to sequester iron

Question 12

Margination and Rolling Interactions of Leukocyte Extravasation

Answer 12

Endothelium- Leukocyte
E and P Selectin- Sialyl-Lewis
GlyCAM-1, CD34- L Selectin

Question 13

Adhesion Interactions of Leukocyte Extravasation

Answer 13

Endothelium- Leukocyte
ICAM-1 (CD54)- CD11/18 (LFA-1, Mac-1)
VCAM-1 (CD106)- VLA-4 Integrin

Question 14

Diapedesis/Transmigration Interactions of Leukocyte Extravasation

Answer 14

Endothelium- Leukocyte

PECAM-1 (CD31)- PECAM-1 (CD31)

Question 15

Migration Interactions of Leukocyte Extravasation

Answer 15

Chemotactic agents: C5a, IL-8, LTB4, kallikren, platelet activating factor

Question 16

FGF

Answer 16

Angiogenesis

Question 17

TGF- beta

Answer 17

Angiogenesis, fibrosis

Question 18

VEGF

Answer 18

Angiogenesis

Question 19

PDGF

Answer 19

secreted by platelets and Macs

Vascular remodeling, smooth musc cell migration, fibroblast growth for collagen synth

Question 20

Metalloproteinases

Answer 20

tissue remodeling

Question 21

EGF

Answer 21

cell growth stimulation via tyrosine kinases (EGFR/Erb1)

Question 22

Wound Healing: Inflammatory

Answer 22

0-3 days
platelets, neutrophils, Macs
clot formation, inc vasc permiability, neutrophil migration, Macs clear debris

Question 23

Wound Healing: Proliferative

Answer 23

3 days- about 1 week
Fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, keratinocytes, Macs
Granulation tissue, type III collagen, angiogenesis, epi cell prolif, dissolution of clot, wound contraction
Need Vit C an copper

Question 24

Wound Healing: Remodeling

Answer 24

1 week to 6 months
Fibroblasts
Type III to type I collagen- requires collagenases and Zinc

Question 25

Primary Amyloidosis

Answer 25

AL (Ig light chains) | plasma cell disorders, multiple myeloma

Question 26

Secondary Amyloidosis

Answer 26

AA (serum amyloid A) | chronic inflam conditions, familial mediterranean fever

Question 27

Dialysis Amyloidosis

Answer 27

Beta 2 microglobulin | ESRD

Question 28

Alzheimers Amyloidosis

Answer 28

beta amyloid protein | from Amyloid precursor protein

Question 29

T2 Diabetes Amyloidosis

Answer 29

Isle amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) | amylin in pancreatic islets

Question 30

Medullary thyroid cancer Amyloidosis

Answer 30

Calcitonin (A Cal)

Question 31

Isolated atrial Amyloidosis

Answer 31

ANP common in normal aging inc risk of afib

Question 32

Systemic senile Amyloidosis

Answer 32

Normal/Wild type transthyretin (TTR) | cardiac ventricles, slower than AL Amyloidosis

Question 33

Familial amyloid cardiomyopathy

Answer 33

Mutated transthyretin (ATTR)

Question 34

Familial amyloid polyneuropathies

Answer 34

Mutated transthyretin (ATTR)