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Therapeutic Modalities > Inflammation/ Pain Quiz > Flashcards

Inflammation/ Pain Quiz Flashcards

(70 cards)

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1
Q

To be therapeutic something must be..

A

conducive to the healing process

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2
Q

Modality

A

Application of some form of stress to the body for the purpose to eliciting an adaptive response

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3
Q

Primary Trauma

A

Immediate cellular destruction due to the trauma. Irreversible.

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4
Q

Secondary Trauma

A

Cell death caused by blockage of oxygen supply to the injured area

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5
Q

Phases of Healing: Phase 1: Inflammatory Response

A

Chemical messengers elicit local and systemic effects, cells remove debris and cells create groundwork for repair/ regeneration.
0-4 days

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6
Q

Phases of Healing: Phase 2: Fibroblastic Repair Phase

A

Cells restore vascular and structural integrity of injured structures
2 days-6 weeks

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7
Q

Phases of Healing: Phase 3: Maturation Remodeling Phase

A

Healed tissue adapt to functional loading

3 weeks to 2 years

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8
Q

The Healing Process

A

One big continuum; the phases overlap with no distinct beginning or end points

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9
Q

Immediate Response to Injury

A

Vasoconstriction. Norepinephrin limits blood loss

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10
Q

Vasodilation

A

Occurs due to release of chemical mediators (histamine and leukotaxin)

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11
Q

Cardinal Signs

A

heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function

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12
Q

Leukocytes

A

Neutrophils, eosinophil, basophils and lymphocytes

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13
Q

Jobs of Leukocytes

A

move to the endothelial lining, line to endothelium in a tight formation, leukocytes adhere around cell walls, draw to injured sites, begin process of phagocytosis

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14
Q

Platelets

A

Adhere to one another; a mechanical plug

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15
Q

Clotting Cascade

A

Permanent stop of blood from injured area

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16
Q

Fibrin Patch

A

Forms the blood clot of scab; covered injured tissue

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17
Q

Fibroblastic Repair

A

Starts around 48-72 hours post injury and can last for 6 weeks

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18
Q

Fibroblastic Repair: Granulation Phase

A

growth of new tissue, development of new blood vessels, and development of fibrous tissues

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19
Q

Fibroblastic Repair: Fibroblastic Phase

A

As the fibrin clot begins to break down, a connective tissue matrix forms. Acceleration of laying down collagen. The wound contracts and begins to form the collagen matrix. The scar that is formed during this phase is pink, weak and immature

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20
Q

Maturation Remodeling Phase

A

Begins 3 weeks after injury and can last for up to 2 years. Scarred, smoother skin. Type III collagen is replaced with stronger Type I collagen

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21
Q

Chronic Inflammation

A

Inflammatory process lasting longer than a month

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22
Q

What can cause chronic inflammation?

A

Autoimmune causes and extended acute inflammation from repetitive trauma

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23
Q

In tissue with a higher metabolic activity wound closure would occur in..

A

5-8 days

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24
Q

Repair

A

Tissue heals with a scar

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25
Regeneration
Actual tissue is replaced
26
Hyaline Cartilage healing
Little capacity to heal
27
Peripheral Nerves
Cannot regenerate after they have died. Cannot regenerate from partial tearing.
28
The closer a nerve injury is to the cell body....
the less likely it will heal
29
Fracture Healing: 1. Acute Phase
Up to one week Hematoma --> platelets begin to develop a soft callus
30
Fracture Healing: 2. Repair/ Regeneration
Up to 8-12 weeks | soft callus to hard callus; cartilage to bone occurs starting week 3
31
Fracture Healing: 3. Remodeling Phase
Reabsorption of callus; trabecular bone takes over | Osteoblasts and osteoclasts remodel the bone based on mechanical loading
32
Factors that impede healing
extent of injury, edema, poor vascular supply, smoking, age, diabetes
33
What is pain?
An unpleasant physical and emotional experience which signifies tissue damage or when tissue damage is imminent
34
Pain
Signals when tissue damage is about to occur or has already occured
35
Somatic Pain
Originates in the skin and other internal structures | A trauma that has recently occured
36
Referred Pain
Pain from internal organs | Do not feel pain at the sight of injury, but in other parts of the body
37
Psychogenic Pain
No apparent physical cause but sensation of pain is felt
38
How many spinal nerves are there?
31
39
Grey Matter
Unmyelinated tissue; cell bodies
40
White Matter
Myelinated axons
41
Myelin Sheath
insulation around some nerves produced by Shwann cells fatty material speeds transmission of APs
42
Neurotransmitters
Chemical substances that allow nerve impulses to move from one neuron to another
43
Substance P
found in synapses; transmission of pain producing impulses | brain and spinal cord
44
Acetycholine
responsible for transmitting motor nerve impulses | PNS and CNS
45
Norepinephrin
causes vasoconstriction under the flight or fight response
46
Enkephalin
Reduce pain perception by bonding to pain receptor sites
47
Endorphins
Morphine like neurohormone; thought to increase pain threshold by bonding to pain receptor sites
48
Serotonin
Substance that causes local vasodilation and increase permeability of capillaries
49
Dorsal Nerve Root
Generally transmits sensory/ afferent information
50
Ventral Nerve Root
Carry motor/ efferent information
51
Afferent Nerves
Transmits impulses from the periphery to the brain
52
Afferent Nerves: First Order Neuron
Connects to peripheral sensory receptor (sight of injury) and project information to DRG in spinal cord. Synapses with cell body of second order neuron in DRG
53
Afferent Nerves: Second Order Neuron
Cell body located in DRG; crosses the middling and ascends to the thalamus
54
Afferent Nerves: Third Order Neuron
Cell body in the thalamus and projects to the cortex
55
Efferent Nerves
Transmit impulses from the brain to periphery
56
a alpha
large diameter thick myelin fastest!
57
a beta
large diameter thick myelin fast
58
a delta
small diameter thin myelin slow
59
C fibers
small diameter no myelin slowest!
60
a alpha is associated with
Reflexes; GTO and muscle spindles
61
Nociceptors
A delta and C fibers
62
Mechanoreceptors
Meissner's and Pacinian Corpuscles, Ruffini's Endings
63
Mechanoreceptors function
pressure, skin, stretch, and touch
64
Thermoreceptors
Cold and hot receptors
65
Thermoreceptors function
temperature and temperature change
66
Nociceptors
free nerve endingss
67
Nociceptors function
Pain
68
Deep sensory receptors
PROPRIOCEPTORS
69
Thalamus
Area of the brain where pain is identified and sorted out.
70
Pain perception is influenced by these factors
physical, chemical, social and psychological

Therapeutic Modalities (5 decks)

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