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MEDSURG -FINALS (SIR ERICH > Inflammatory And Immunologic Disturbances > Flashcards

Inflammatory And Immunologic Disturbances Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Three Lines of Defense

A

• Anatomical Barriers
• Acute Inflammatory Response
• Immune System

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2
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Stratum Corneum
S.lucidum
S.Granulosum
S.Germinativum

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3
Q

3 Lines of Defense

A

First Line of Defense
Second line of Defense
Third Line of Defense

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4
Q

Mechanical Barriers and Chemical Barriers

A

First Line of Defense

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5
Q

Inflammation response and phagocytosis

A

Second line of defense

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6
Q

Specific immune response, Natural Killer cells (NK cells)

A

Third line of defense

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7
Q

Anatomical Barriers: First line of defense

A

Skin, Mucous Membrane, Normal Bacterial flora

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8
Q

1st line defense - Normal Bacterial flora are:

A

Clostridium difficile
Yeast Infections

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9
Q

multilayer barrier, shed outer layer, contains fatty acids that kills some bacteria

A

Skin

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10
Q

contain cilia in upper respiratory tract, macrophages

A

Lungs

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11
Q

flush action of urine washes away bacteria

A

Urinary Tract

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12
Q

Occurs in response to injury
• Localized
• Immediate
• Beneficial
• Appropriate level of
response
• Non Specific

A

Inflammatory Respons

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13
Q

Causes of Inflammation
Physical

A

Trauma, Lacerations, Burns

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14
Q

Causes of Inflammation
Chemical

A

BItes, Allergic response

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15
Q

Causes of Inflammation
Microorganisms

A

Bacteria.

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16
Q

Inflammatory Response (5 stages of response)

A

-REDNESS
• SWELLING
• PAIN
• HEAT
• LOSS OF FUNCTION

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17
Q

Purpose of inflammation (NRPA)

A

-Neutralizes and Dilutes Toxins
• Removes necrotic materials
• Provides an environment for healing
• Add “itis” to affected body part

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18
Q

4 Phases of Inflammation

A

Vascular
Cellular
Formation of Exudate
Healing

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19
Q

Think Blood Vessels

A

Vascular

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20
Q

Think WBC’s

21
Q

Fluid and neutrophils

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A

Formation of Exudate

22
Q

regeneration or repair of tissue

23
Q

Injury occurs
• Mediators intervene
• Vasodilation occurs
• Capillaries become more permeable
• Swelling and movement of fluid occurs

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A

Vascular Phase: Blood Vessels

24
Q

Injury occurs
Chemotaxis begins
White blood cells rush in to help
Neutrophils Monocytes Macrophages

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A

Cellular Phase – Think WBC’s

25
Chemical Mediators
Coordinators of the inflammatory response • Histamine • Prostagladins • Cytokines
26
(ESR or sed rate) <20 mm/hr
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
27
non specific test identifying the presence of inflammation <1.0 mg/dl
CRP – C reactive protein
28
special long wave ultraviolet light produced by a Wood’s lamp that induvisible flourescence in certain skin lesions . Best seen in darkened room.
Wood’s Light examination- a special long wave ultraviolet light produced by
29
obtain tissues for examination
Skin biopsy
30
use to document contact sensitivity or allergy -- suspected allergens are placed on normal skin beneath patches of tape -- patches are removed and the skin under the patches is examined at specified intervals
Patch Test
31
scales from a lesion are scraped with a scalpel and placed on a glass slides covered with potassium hydroxide and examined
Fungal Scraping
32
for cytologic exam of blisterng diseases of the skin
Tzanck smear
33
for suspected vesicle or pustule is opened and contents applied to a glass of slide.and scanning after
Tzanck smear
34
reveal nature and extent of nature and show progress or improvement from treatment
clinical photograps
35
Systemic Manifestations of Acute Inflammation
Fever/chills Cytokines Benefits - Increased killing of microorganisms - Increased phagocytosis by neutrophils - Increased activity of interferon Leukocytosis Neutrophils - “left shift”...band cells
36
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
NSAID’s ( Ibuprofen, Toradol)
37
NSAID’s nursing implications
- Give w/food - Elderly-high risk GI bleed - Prolongs bleeding times 1 day - Assess renal function-creatinine w/chronic use
38
Inhibits production of prostaglandins Decreases platelet aggregation
NSAID’S (Salicylates – Aspirin)
39
ASPIRIN Nursing implications
Give w/food Prolongs bleeding times 4-7 days
40
Block histamine at the receptor site Decreases gastric acid secretion
ANTI-HISTAMINES Benadryl, Ranitidine (Zantec), Famotidine (Pepcid)
41
NURSING IMPLICATIONS OF ANTIHISTAMINE
With meals Drowsiness/dizziness
42
- Decrease inflammation by stabilizing neutrophils and lysosomes Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis - Inhibits chemotactic cytokines - Decreases mast cell stimulation
Prednisone (Corticosteroids)
43
Prednisone (Nursing Implications)
Meals
44
Prednisone (Chronic Use complications)
Risk of infection Hyperglycemia SE
45
Occurs when first line of defense is broken by cellular injury
Acute Inflammatory Response
46
Injury can be caused by:
-trauma or surgery • chemical agents • temperature extremes • invasion of micro-organisms • oxygen/nutrient deprivation (ischemic damage) • genetic/immune defects (e.g. autoimmune)
47
A biochemical and cellular process that occurs in vascular tissues due to cellular injury
Acute Inflammatory Response
48
- Inflammation may precede an immune response or be caused by one - Occurs physiologically in the same manner whether initial or second exposure to antigen
Non- specific elimination of micro-organisms
49
Momentary constriction followed by prolonged vasodilation of arterioles and venules Vascular permeability increases d/t histamine release
VASCULAR RESPONSE Hemodynamic changes in microcirculation:

MEDSURG -FINALS (SIR ERICH (13 decks)

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