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Reproductive Pathology > Inflammatory Conditions and Tumours of the Penis > Flashcards

Inflammatory Conditions and Tumours of the Penis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the categories for disorders of the penis?

A 
1. Congenital anomalies
2, Inflammation
3. Tumours
4. Erectile dysfunction
5. Trauma
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2
Q

Inflammatory conditions of the penis usually involve which parts of the penis

A
  1. glans
  2. prepuce
  3. urethra
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3
Q

How do inflammatory conditions of the penis usually present?

A
  1. Specific: Usually infections
  2. Non specific
  3. urethral discharge
  4. genital ulcer
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4
Q

What is the term for inflammation of the glans?

A

balanitis

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5
Q

What is the term for the inflammation of the glans + prepuce?

A

balanoposthitis

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6
Q

What is the term for the inflammation of the urethra?

A

urethritis

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7
Q

Name viral penile infections?

A
  1. herpes simplex

2. human papilloma virus

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8
Q

Name bacterial penile infections?

A
  1. Gonorrhoea
  2. chancroid
  3. granuloma inguinale
  4. lymphogranuloma venereum
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9
Q

Name spirochetes penile infections?

A

syphilis

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10
Q

Name fungal penile infections?

A

candida

- due to poor hygiene

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11
Q

An infection by HSV is usually caused by?

A

Sexual transmission by HSV-2

- But HSV-1 can also cause disease

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12
Q

HSV is characterised by?

A
  • Painful vesicles on mucous membranes and penile skin

- Later ulcerate

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13
Q

Gonorrhoea is caused by?

A

Neisseria gonorrhoea

  • gram negative bacteria
  • Sexually transmitted
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14
Q

What is the clinical presentation of Gonorrhoea?

A
  1. Can be asymptomatic and go untreated
  2. When symptomatic cause
    - urethral discharge: white to yellow
    - dysuria
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15
Q

What part of the penis does Gonorrhoea affect predominantly?

A

urethra

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16
Q

What are the possible complications of Gonorrhoea?

A

urethral strictures

- scarring that narrows the tube restricting the flow of urine from the bladder

17
Q

What is chancroid?

A
  • Acute sexually transmitted infection
  • Most common cause of genital ulcers
  • Caused by haemophilus ducreyi
18
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of chancroid?

A
  • Tender erythematous papule involving glans and prepuce or penile skin
  • Later irregular ulcer with yellow grey exudate at base
  • Draining lymphnodes (inguinal) enlarge and may ulcerate also
  • Heals by scarring
19
Q

What is Granuloma inguinale/Donovanosis?

A
  • Chronic inflammatory disease
  • Sexually transmitted
  • Caused by Calymmatobacterium donovani
20
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of Granuloma inguinale/Donovanosis?

A
  • Begin as raised papular lesion
  • Ulcer with abundant granulation tissue forming a protuberant soft painless mass
  • Scars with strictures can complicate disease
21
Q

What is lymphogranuloma venereum?

A
  • Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

- Sexually transmitted

22
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of lymphogranuloma venereum?

A
  • Chronic ulcerative disease and urethritis
  • Urethritis: Mucopurulent discharge(pus)
  • Skin: initially small often unnoticed papule on skin
  • With growth of organisms draining lymphnodes become swollen and and rupture
23
Q

What is syphilis caused by?

A

caused by Treponema pallidum

- Genital syphilis usually manifests with symptoms in primary syphilis

24
Q

What is the clinical presentation of syphilis?

A
  • 3 weeks after contact: single firm, non tender red raised lesion of penile skin or glans
  • Chancre heals even without therapy
  • But spirochetes are in blood and lymphatics
25
Q

What condition does candida cause?

A

balanoposthitis

26
Q

What is the cause of candida?

A
  • Poor hygiene in uncircumcised males

- With build up of smegma: sloughed epithelial cells and debris which is a good medium for candida proliferation

27
Q

What is condylomata acuminatum?

A 
Benign tumour (genital warts) caused by Human papilloma virus(HPV)
- Low risk HPV 6 and 11
28
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of condylomata acuminatum?

A
  • Occur on skin, inner surface of prepuce
  • Single or multiple pedunculated, papillary excrescences
  • There is no dysplasia
29
Q

Benign tumours are caused by?

A

commonly condylomata acuminatum

- Preneoplastic conditions

30
Q

What is the common cancer of the penis?

A

squamous cell carcinoma

31
Q

Describe squamous cell carcinoma of the penis?

A
  • Usually preceeded by preneoplastic proliferation (dysplasias)
  • Mild, moderate, full thickness dysplasia
  • Full thickness dysplasia also called Bowen’s disease.
  • Associations: High risk HPV 16 and 18
32
Q

Describe the epidemiology of squamous cell carcinomas of the penis?

A

young patients with advent of HIV

Reproductive Pathology (8 decks)

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