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Med Surg II > Inflammatory Heart Disorders > Flashcards

Inflammatory Heart Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

ineffective endocarditis

A

disease of the endocardial layer of the heart, including the heart valves

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2
Q

which valves do ineffective carditis mostly affect

A

aortic and mitral

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3
Q

classification by cause for ineffective endocarditis

A

IV drug use (IV drug abuse), fungal

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4
Q

classification by involvement for ineffective endocarditis

A

prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE)

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5
Q

causative organisms for ineffective endocarditis

A

bacterial, virus, fungi

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6
Q

which bacteria are the most common for ineffective endocarditis

A

s. aureus; streptococcus viridians; coagulase negative staphylococci

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7
Q

risk factors for IE

A

categories of high, moderate, and low risk of developing ineffective endocarditis

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8
Q

principal risk factors for ineffective endocarditis

A

prosthetic valves; hemodialysis; IV drug abuse

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9
Q

etiology and physiology for ineffective endocarditis

A

there are 3 stages: bacteremia, adhesion, and vegetation

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10
Q

vegetation

A

fibrin, leukocytes, platelets, and microbes; stick to the valve or endocardium; parts break off and enter circulation

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11
Q

left sided vegetation moves to

A

brain, kidneys, spleen

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12
Q

right sided vegetation moves to

A

lungs

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13
Q

clinical manifestations of IE

A

nonspecific, fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, anorexia

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14
Q

subacute forms of IE

A

arthralgias, myalgias, back pain, abdominal discomfort, weight loss, headache, clubbing of fingers

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15
Q

vascular manifestations

A

splinter hemorrhages in nail beds; petechiae; osler’s nodes on fingertips/toes; janeway’s leisons on pads of the fingers and toes; roth’s spots; new or worsening systolic murmur in most patients; heart failure

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16
Q

manifestations secondary to septic embolism

A

CNS, extremities, spleen, and kidneys

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17
Q

diagnostic studies

A

history, lab tests (blood cultures, CBC with differential, ESR, c-reactive protein); echocardiography; chest x-ray; ECG; duke criteria

18
Q

interprofessional care

A

prophylactic antibiotic treatment; acute identification of organism; IV antibiotics; repeat blood cultures; valve replacement if needed; antipyretics; fluids; rest

19
Q

prophylactic antibiotic treatment is given to patients who are experiencing…

A

certain dental procedures; respiratory tract incisions; tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy; surgical procedures involving infected skin, skin structures, or musculoskeletal tissue

20
Q

nursing assessment

A

health history (valvular, congenital, or syphilitic heart disease; previous endocarditis; staph/strep infection); dugs (immunosuppressive therapy); recent surgeries and procedures; subjective and objective data

21
Q

nursing diagnoses/problems

A

impaired CO; activity intolerance

22
Q

overall goals for nursing

A

normal baseline function; ability to perform ADLs without fatigue; understanding of treatment plan to prevent recurrence

23
Q

health promotion (implementation)

A

identify those at risk; assess history and understanding of disease process; teach importance of adherence to treatment regimen

24
Q

patient teaching (implementation)

A

stress need to avoid infectious people; avoidance of stress and fatigue; plan rest periods; good oral hygiene; prophylactic antibiotics; drug rehab; monitor body temp; s/s of complications; nature of disease and how to reduce risk of reinfection; stress follow-up care, good nutrition, prompt treatment of common infection; need for prophylactic antibiotic therapy

25
Q

ambulatory care (implementation)

A

antibiotic therapy for 4-6 weeks; assess home setting; monitor lab data, including blood cultures; assess IV lines; coping strategies; adequate rest; moderate activity; compression stockings; ROM exercises; deep breath and cough Q2 hrs

26
Q

acute pericarditis

A

inflammation of pericardial sac (pericardium)

27
Q

common causes of acute pericarditis

A

infectious agents (coxsackle B virus: most common); noninfectious; hypersensitive; or autoimmune

28
Q

clinical manifestations of acute pericarditis

A

left/center chest pain; SOB when reclining; heart palpitations

29
Q

complications of acute percarditis

A

pericardial effusion, cardiac tamponade, chronic constructive pericarditis

30
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of myocardium; linked to dilated cardiomyopathy

31
Q

causes of myocarditis

A

infectious agents (coxsackle A&B virus: most common); radiation therapy; chemical; drugs; autoimmune disorders

32
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

scarring and deformity of heart valves, resulting from rheumatic fever; complication of strep A pharyngitis affects heart, also skin, joints, and CNS

33
Q

which audience does rheumatic heart disease affect

A

young adults

34
Q

pathophysiology of rheumatic heart disease

A

cardiac lesion and valve deformities- thickening of valve leaflets, causing regurgitation (mitral and aortic valves are most affected)

35
Q

complication of rheumatic heart disease

A

chronic rheumatic carditis

36
Q

treatment of rheumatic heart disease

A

anti-inflammatory agents

37
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

lead to cardiomegaly and heart failure; primary reason for heart transplant

38
Q

what are the three major types of cardiomyopathy

A

dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive

39
Q

dilated cardiomyopathy

A

heart’s ability to pump blood decreases because the heart’s main pumping chamber; left ventricle is enlarged and weakened

40
Q

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

heart muscle cells enlarge and cause the walls of the ventricles to thicken; without ventricular dilations; symmetric left ventricular hypertrophy occurs less common than dilated CMP

41
Q

restrictive cardiomyopathy

A

rare form of heart muscle disease that is characterized by RESTRICTIVE filling of the ventricles; myocardium diseased and impaired diastolic filling and stretch

42
Q

evaulation

A

maintain adequate tissue and organ perfusion; maintain normal body temperature; report an increased in physical and emotional comfort

Med Surg II (9 decks)

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