Inflammatory response to stimuli and viral treatments Flashcards
What is active immunisation?
Vaccination that stimulates an immune response against toxoid
What is passive immunisation?
Injecting immunoglobulins which increases temporary levels of antibodies
In what 2 instances may passive immunisation be used?
1) To protect immunocompromised Children that are exposed to measles
2) Help people with Hep. A exposure
What is the disadvantage of polysaccharide vaccines and how can they be improved?
Disadv: Protection not long lasting and poor response in children
Imp: Immunogenicity improvement through conjugation
How do live attenuated vaccines work?
1) Organism replicates in host causing an immune response
2) Therefore producing an antibody mediated response
What is primary and secondary vaccine failures?
P: When person doesn’t develop immunity
S: Person initially responds, but protection wanes over time. Meaning a booster is needed
What 2 diseases does Varicella Zoster Virus cause?
1) Primary: Chicken pox
2) Secondary: Shingles
Where is shingles usually present?
Around a single skin dermatome in a line or areas associated with tight clothing
What laboratory method is used to detect viral pathogens?
PCR Test
What are the stages associated with primary disease of VZV?
Macule –> Papule –> Vesicle –> Pustule –> Crust over
What are the 4 pathogenic stages of disease?
1) Exposure
2) Adhesion (Adhesin and Biofilms)
3) Invasion
4) Infection
How do commensal microbes cause infections?
Act as the asymptomatic carriage of pathogens, leading to opportunistic infections if their status is altered
What are the 2 types of immune response that viruses cause?
1) Humoral: Antibodies, IgM and Complement
2) Cell-Mediated: Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes and NK/Macrophages used in ADCC
What is delayed-type hypersensitivity?
Immune response that occurs through direct action of sensitised T cells when in contact with an antigen
What are the differences between attenuated and inactive vaccines?
Att: Single booster, humoral and cell mediated response, reversion could occur and less stability
