Influence of early attahcment- attachment Flashcards
what do Hazen and Shaver argue:
- an adults relationship type is a continuation of their infant attachment style
- can be classified using ainsworths styles:
- secure
- insecure avoidant
- insecure resistant
- argue that kids w securely attachment type= more socially capable in childhood and adulthood than insecure types
- due to effective IWM
Bowlbys maternal deprivation theory:
- children w disrupted attachment w their primary attachment figure in critical period= problems
- social, emotional, intellectual development problems
- affecting quality of adult relationships
Hazen and Shavers (1987) “Love quiz”: procedure
- 620 pp responded to newspaper love quiz
- Q’s on feelings on ramble and categorised pp adult relationship styles into:
- secure= balance of closeness and independence
- avoidant= avoided intimacy
- anxious= coukdnt cope with independence
- also assessed attachment type
Hazen and Shavers (1987) “Love quiz”: findings
- 56% secure adult relationships
- 25% avoidant
- 19% anxious
- correlation better adult and child attachment types
- securely attached= love was long lasting, happiness and no divorce
- insecure= more lonely
Evaluating early attachment on relationships: strength, Maccarthy (1999) 40 women assessed using the strange situation
- adults w long lasting secure adult friendships/ relationships= securely attctached
- poor romantic relationships= avoidant
- poor friendships= resistant
- both insecure groups= more likely to live w deviant partner
- early attchemnt linked to quality of adult relationships and friendships
Evaluating early attachment on relationships: strength, Myron- Wilson (1998) children on bullying or victimhood
- assessed 196 children avg. age 9 for indications of bullying or victimhood
- assessed parenting style
- bullies= low scores on parental warmth+ high scores on parental neglect
- victims= high scores on parental puntitiveness
- parental attchement can directly influence kids relationships w peers
Evaluating early attachment on relationships: strength, Verissimo (2011) preschool kids w mums and dads
- observed preschool kids relationships w mums and dads
- follow up assessment of social interactions when starting nursery
- strong attachment to dad= more ability to make friends
- important role for dads in socialisation
Evaluating early attchement on relationships: strength, practical applications
- schools help kids alter IWM to address childhood bullying and loneliness
- work on IWM helps kids have stability in later adult relationships
- reducing cost to economy bc of divorce + mental health issues bc of relationships
Evaluating early attchement on relationships: limitations, correlational research
- much research considered flawed
- much research is correlational
- impossible to establish to a cause+effect between childhood attachment and later adult relationship styles
- could be another variable e.g. poverty
Evaluating early attchement on relarionships: limitations, demand characteristics
- self reporting infant relationships reduces validity of research
- early infant relationships styles be me recalled inaccurately
- reconstructive nature of memory could result in:
- demand characteristics
- social desirability bias
Evaluating early attachment on relationships: limitations, Kagan’s temperament hypothesis
- infants and adult relationships are linked due to inherited high or low reactive temperament
- high reactivity= distressed babies, grow into inhibited+ anxious adults
- Low reactivity= low distressed, grow into outgoing people
- biological explanation says attchement styles are linked across a lifetime
- BUT without the need for an IWM
Evaluating early attchement on relationships: limitations, continuity hypothesis= deterministic
- individuals doomed to repeat types of relationships in adulthood they had as infants
- ppl want to think they have control over relationships
- not set in infancy due to development of an IWM
