Influences on the political landscape

Question 1

Which communist organisations formed in the first red scare?

Answer 1

CPUSA and CLP
Communist party of America and Communist Labor party.

Question 2

How many strikes were there in 1919? % of workers?
Why did people strike?

Answer 2

3600, 25% of the workforce
Post war conditions did not improve (wages, hours, working conditions)

Question 3

When did the Seattle strike start and with how many people?
What did this cause?

Answer 3

35,000 shipyard workers in Jan 1919:
Escalated to general strike of 60,000 by Feb
Fears of communist revolution spread: Red Hunting

Question 4

How many people were deported as a result of the first red scare?

Answer 4

556

Question 5

Rugged Individualism ideologies:

Answer 5

Made by H.Hoover (1929-33)
People were weakened by government support and intervention. -Businesses free to run, no regulation on working wage/conditions.
-USA should isolate from other countries.
-USA should restrict immigration.

Question 6

What triggered the Great Depression?
Peak unemployment of Great Depression? Date?

Answer 6

Wall Street Crash, 1929 caused by underlying problems with the ‘boom’ regarding share trading
25% in 1933

Question 7

What did he persuade Congress to set up for farmers? To do what?
Hoover setup what committee for unemployment and when? What did it do?

Answer 7

Federal Farm Board to help farmers to sell their good abroad
Emergency committee for Employment: temporary org to find employment, persuaded businesses to create more jobs (voluntary basis.)

Question 8

How much did the government receive and spend in 1932, Hoovers final year?
Why?

Answer 8

Received: $2,000 million, spent: $5,000 million.
Hoover realised federal intervention was needed and managed to pass some measures which put the government in debt.

Question 9

When was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act introduced?
What did it do and why was it bad?

Answer 9

1930
Built on the Fordney-McCumber tariff act…Increased tariffs on foreign imports… created a trade war.

Question 10

Under Hoover, homeless people lived in…

Answer 10

Hoovervilles

Question 11

Which march, and when/how many, occurred in Washington, with soldiers in ‘full battle dress’?
What were they protesting for?
Result?

Answer 11

1932, around 200,000
Bonus Army (1924 bonus for veterans not allowed to be withdrawn until 1945.) Only those owed under $50 were paid.
Troops sent in with tear gas, tanks etc… Hoover lost significant amount of popularity.

Question 12

Why was Hoover becoming unpopular among Republicans?
When did the Democrats gain majority in House of Representatives?

Answer 12

They disliked his measures, seeing them as a break from Rugged Invavidualism.
1931

Question 13

FDR campaign song?
Characteristics of campaign.

Answer 13

‘Happy days are here again’
Excellent communicator, offered New Deal.

Question 14

What was FDR previously?

Answer 14

Governor of New York. Effective + Expereienced.

Question 15

FDR referred to the Republican campaign as being led by the four horsemen, what are they?

Answer 15

Destruction, Despair, Delay and Doubt

Question 16

How many states did the Republicans win in 1932 and 1936?

Answer 16

6 and 2

Question 17

The AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Agency) did what?

Answer 17

Regulated major crops (wheat,cotton,milk)

Question 18

What was the National Recovery Administration (NRA)? Significance of symbol?

Answer 18

Set hours and minimum wage. Was not compulsory for businesses to join.
Blue eagle, encouraged people to support businesses displaying it.

Question 19

National Labor Relations Act of 1935 gave what rights?

Answer 19

The right to join trade unions

Question 20

Examples of Soviet spy in the US found by HUAC.

Answer 20

Alger Hiss (1950) was one of FDR’s advisors.

Question 21

What was setup to battle communism in America in 1938, but had particular notoriety in the 1950s?

Answer 21

House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) focused mainly on communists.

Question 22

What committee was setup to investigate Senator McCarthy’s claims?
What year?
What were his claims?

Answer 22

Tydings Committee
1950
Announced he had a list of 205 commies in gov… pretended to leave it on plane when reporters asked… revised number to 57 then 81 when called to the Senate. Despite this had major support, but lost it after poor treatment of interviewees (televised to public.)

Question 23

What was on the sign that met Nikita Khrushchev? Year?
FBI given what powers?

Answer 23

‘The only good communist is a dead communist’ 1959.
Open letters, tap phones, bug offices/homes.

Question 24

What ideas did liberalism introduce?
Reform that was passed in support of Liberalism… years?

Answer 24

Being less sus abroad, welfare… POSITIVE DISCRIMINATION for 5 minorities.
Voting Rights Act (1965) and Civil Rights Act (1964) and LBJ’s Great Society Reforms (1960s)

Question 25

2 counter culture movements; aims and accomplishments

Answer 25

Hippies: simple way of life rather than hard work. Smoked drugs, supported sexual freedom, were prepared to live in seperate communities. Woodstock Festival, around 500,000: loud music, drugs. Radical student groups: wanted change from syllabus to Vietnam. SDS set up in 1960 rejected all forms of racism/ anti-communism. Organised mass rally vs Vietnam in 1965. Used similar tactics to civil rights movement (sit-ins)

Question 26

Violent Student Protest for what, where and when? Extent of damage?

Answer 26

Madison Army base in 1970 Student protest against Vietnam: bomb detonation …1 killed, $60 million

Question 27

Conservative reaction towards counter culture? Why was there a decline in liberalism? 1969 Campaign?

Answer 27

Older Americans bewildered: challenged traditional family values, rejected hard work, Christian values and patriotism. When students resorted to violence it added to the feeling liberal gov wasn’t working. Campaign of New Right under Nixon to restore law and order and traditional values.

Question 28

What is the word used to describe the USA's lack of interference in other countries during the 1920s?

Answer 28

Isolationism

Question 29

What were the set of liberal reforms passed by Johnson?

Answer 29

Great Society reforms

Question 30

Which religious movement started to have a greater impact under Nixon, promoting older, conservative policies?

Answer 30

Evangelical movement

Question 31

Evangelical preacher, visiting campuses in what year? 1970s religious right movement called for what?

Answer 31

Bill Bright, 1967. Return to traditional family values, shift from liberal policies (abortion.) Keeping homosexuality laws.