Info for Final

Question 1

How many throws make up a single square knot

Answer 1

2 throws

Question 2

The main benefit of a surgeon’s knot is that it is able to?

Answer 2

resist tension

Question 3

T/F: the surgeon’s knot is more secure than a regular square knot

Answer 3

FALSE–not more secure, just better at managing tension

Question 4

concerning surgical masks, in which direction do the pleats face on the inside?

Answer 4

upward

Question 5

Name 2 surgical scrub products for hand cleaning

Answer 5

2-4% chlorhexidine

Povidone-iodine (7.5%)

Question 6

Impact of surgical glove degree of puncture resistance

Answer 6

the more resistance it has, the lower tactile sensitivity will be

Question 7

Exposure time and temperature for:

1) gravity displacement sterilizer
2) prevacuum sterilizer
3) flash sterilization

Answer 7

1) 15mins @ 121-123C
2) 4mins @ 132-133C
3) 3-10mins @ 132*C

Question 8

Which form of steam sterilization allows better steam penetration into packaged materials and less variation based on size

Answer 8

pre-vacuum sterilizer

Question 9

What type of sterilization is used for glassware and moisture-sensitive items?

Answer 9

dry heat sterilization

Question 10

T/F: Indicator tape can guarantee the sterility of internal items

Answer 10

False–only confirms exposure to appropriate temperatures

Question 11

Choose your surgical instrument based on the composition of the ____

Answer 11

jaws

Question 12

2 things that are corrosive to surgical instruments

Answer 12

blood & saline

Question 13

Which are more traumatic:

1) instruments with fine teeth
2) instruments with serrations

Answer 13

instruments with serrations

Question 14

Utility (operating) scissors are to be used on ___

Answer 14

inanimate objects (i.e. suture)

Question 15

Advantage of:

1) curved scissor tips
2) straight scissor tips

Answer 15

1) greater maneuverability & visibility

2) greater mechanical advantage (for dense tissue)

Question 16

Blades that you can use on:

1) #3 scalpel handle
2) #4 scalpel handle

Answer 16

1) 10,11,12,15

2) 20-25

Question 17

Which type of cut allows for precise depth, length, and direction control

Answer 17

Slide cut

Question 18

What type of cut is used to enter a body cavity or fluid-filled chambers

Answer 18

press cut (stab incision)

Question 19

What type of incisions is the pencil grip used for?

Answer 19

short, precise incisions

Question 20

Palmed grip (scalpel) should only be used when what is needed?

Answer 20

great pressure

Question 21

Use of hemostatic forceps?

Answer 21

temporary hemostasis to facilitate ligation or cauterization

Question 22

The 3 heuristics used in surgery

Answer 22

cognitive
perceptual
motor

Question 23

the disorders associated with brachycephalic airway syndrome

Answer 23

stenotic nares
everted laryngeal saccules
elongated soft palate
laryngeal collapse

Question 24

two common types of mucoceles

Answer 24

sublingual salivary

biliary

Question 25

a high level disinfectant

Answer 25

2% glutaraldehyde

Question 26

Which needle point is best for friable, parenchymal tissues?

Answer 26

blunt

Question 27

The rate at which suture loses strength should be equal to what?

Answer 27

the rate at which the tissue it's in gain strength

Question 28

Mono vs. multifilament: which offers better handling characteristics?

Answer 28

multifilament

Question 29

How is surgical gut/collagen-based suture material degraded?

Answer 29

enzymatic action of proteases and collagenases (enzymatic proteolysis)

Question 30

Synthetic absorbable sutures are broken down via? What is the targeted area?

Answer 30

hydrolysis; targets ester-linkage

Question 31

An acidic environment can accelerate the absorption of?

Answer 31

Polydioxanone (PDS II)

Question 32

alkaline environment can impact absorption of? (3)

Answer 32

1) polyglyconate (Maxon) 2) poliglecaprone 25 (Monocryl) 3) glycomer 631 (Biosyn)

Question 33

Two things impacted by adding a coating to suture material

Answer 33

absorption rate | tissue passage characteristics

Question 34

Which type of suture material poses the greatest risk for chronic infection

Answer 34

multifilament, non-absorbable

Question 35

The three stages of healing

Answer 35

inflammatory repair maturation

Question 36

hallmark sign of the proliferation stage of healing

Answer 36

invasion of fibroblasts into the wound

Question 37

Before healing begins, wound strength is determined by?

Answer 37

suture strength

Question 38

____% of final wound strength is gained in the first _____ days

Answer 38

20% gained in first 21 days

Question 39

T/F: most wounds NEVER return to original strength

Answer 39

True! (usually reach about 70-80%)

Question 40

5 local wound factors that can impact healing

Answer 40

``` wound perfusion tissue viability presence of infection fluid accumulation mechanical forces ```

Question 41

Holding/strength layer for GI tract

Answer 41

submucosa

Question 42

how do cat wounds compare to dogs' by 7 days? why?

Answer 42

have 1/2 as much strength; they have decreased cutaneous perfusion

Question 43

% of strength gained by: 1) 14 days 2) 30 days 3) several months

Answer 43

1) 5-10% 2) 25% 3) 75-80%

Question 44

4 factors that can impact wound closure

Answer 44

tension motion potential for self trauma patient status (health)

Question 45

the iceburg principle of puncture wounds is more true with _____ energy projectiles

Answer 45

high energy

Question 46

Which type of skin flap allows for the greatest amount of coverage and why?

Answer 46

axial pattern flap; you are taking blood supply with the flap

Question 47

A fresh tissue graft requires what?

Answer 47

a healthy bed of granulation tissue

Question 48

Amount of pressure placed on the scalpel during a cut controls ____& _____ of the incision

Answer 48

shape & depth

Question 49

2 advantages of tissue undermining

Answer 49

increases visualization | eases tension along incision to make wound closure easier

Question 50

Blood volume: 1) dog 2) cat

Answer 50

1) 90ml/kg | 2) 70ml/kg

Question 51

best type of suture for ligation

Answer 51

small (4/0), absorbable, monofilament

Question 52

T/F: hemostatic sponges can be used to facilitate clotting in patients with coagulation disorders

Answer 52

FALSE!! *sponges only provide scaffolding, don't enhance*

Question 53

The amount of heat produce during electrosurgery is directly proportional to?

Answer 53

tissue resistance doubled current=doubled heat

Question 54

Electrosurgery is most effective with what type of tissue contact

Answer 54

Minimal

Question 55

T/F: you should activate your ESU before making contact with the patient's skin

Answer 55

FALSE; make contact THEN turn on unit

Question 56

What does LASER stand for?

Answer 56

light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation

Question 57

Light with the same: 1) frequency 2) wavelength

Answer 57

1) coherent | 2) monochromatic

Question 58

What type of light is in the following ranges: 1) 400-700nm 2) <400nm 3) >700nm

Answer 58

1) visible light 2) ultraviolet 3) infrared

Question 59

2 words to describe laser light

Answer 59

coherent | monochromatic

Question 60

Wavelength of CO2 laser

Answer 60

10,600nm

Question 61

Tissue response to LASER interaction is determined by

Answer 61

energy dose | focused nature of the beam

Question 62

Inverting suture patterns (5/6)

Answer 62

``` Lembert Halsted Cushing & Connell Purse-string Purse-Kerr ```

Question 63

Everting suture patterns (2)

Answer 63

horizontal mattress | continuous lock

Question 64

increasing suture size by 2 sizes: 1) does what to knot volume 2) does what to reactivity

Answer 64

1) increases knot volume 4-6 fold | 2) 2 fold increase in reactivity