Info Tech Final Flashcards
(100 cards)
In an organization, an information system consists of what 6 things?
Data, hardware, software, telecommunications, people, and procedures
In a computer-based information system, computers…
Collect, store, and process data into information according to instructions people provide visa computer programs
5 key components of IT systems
Hardware, software, operating system, data, processes
4 stages of processing
Input (Entering data into the information system)
Data processing (Changing and manipulating the data in the IS)
Output (Getting info out of the IS)
Storage (Storing data and info)
Data vs Information
Data is the raw material in the production of information, a number, statement, or picture
Information is facts or conclusions that have meaning within a context
Types of Information Systems: Transaction Processing Systems
Records and processes the day-to-day business transactions of an organization, such as sales, payments, or orders. It ensures these transactions are handled quickly, accurately, and consistently to support smooth business operations.
Types of Information Systems: Supply Chain Management Systems
Helps manage the flow of goods, services, and information across all stages of the supply chain — from suppliers to manufacturers to customers. It improves coordination, efficiency, and decision-making by tracking inventory, orders, shipments, and supplier performance.
Types of Information Systems: Customer Relationship Management Systems
Helps businesses manage interactions with current and potential customers. It stores customer data, tracks communications, and supports sales, marketing, and customer service to improve relationships and boost customer satisfaction.
Types of Information Systems: Business Intelligence Systems
Analyzes data to help organizations make informed decisions. It collects, processes, and visualizes data from various sources to identify trends, patterns, and insights for strategic planning.
Types of Information Systems: Decision Support and Expert Systems
Helps users make informed and data-driven decisions by analyzing large amounts of data and modeling possible outcomes.
Expert Systems are AI-based systems that mimic human expert knowledge to provide advice or solve specific problems in areas like medicine, engineering, or customer support.
Types of Information Systems: Geographic Information Systems
Used to capture, store, analyze, and display spatial or geographic data. It helps users visualize patterns, relationships, and trends through maps and location-based insights, often used in urban planning, environmental studies, and logistics.
Value of IT in Diverse Organizations
Operational Efficiency
Decision-Making Support
Customer Experience Enhancement
Innovation and Competitiveness
Scalability and Flexibility
How firms can strategically use IT
Locking in supplies or buyers
Reducing costs
Creating barriers to entrants
Differentiating products or services
Enhancing products and services
Establishing alliances
IT Related Risks
Cybersecurity Risks (Phishing, ransomware, data breaches)
Operational Risks (System failures, downtime)
Compliance Risks (General Data Protection Regulation)
Technology Obsolescence (Outdates soft/hardware)
Data Privacy Risks (Unauthorized access, data misuse)
Useful Information: Relevant
Information must pertain to the problem at hand. For example, the total number of years of education might not be relevant to a person’s qualifications for a new job. Relevant information might be that the person has so many years of education in mechanical engineering and so many years of experience. The information must also be presented in a way that helps a person understand it in a specific context.
Useful Information: Complete
Partial information is often worse than no information. For example, marketing data about household incomes might lead to bad decisions if not accompanied by vital information on the consumption habits of the targeted population.
Useful Information: Accurate
Erroneous information might lead to disastrous decisions. For example, an inaccurate record of a patient’s reaction to penicillin might lead a doctor to harm the patient while believing that she is helping him.
Useful Information: Current
Decisions are often based on the latest information available, but what was a fact yesterday might no longer be one today. For example, a short-term investment decision to purchase a stock today based on yesterday’s stock prices might be a costly mistake if the stock’s price has risen in the interim.
Useful Information: Economical
In a business setting, the cost of obtaining information must be considered as one cost element involved in any decision. For example, demand for a new product must be researched to reduce risk of marketing failure, but if market research is too expensive, the cost of obtaining the information might diminish profit from sales.
CPU consists of 2 units
Control Unit (CU) is responsible for managing and directing the operations of the CPU. Acts like a traffic controller, ensuring that data flows correctly between different components
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is the part of the CPU that performs all mathematical and logical operations. It acts like a calculator inside the processor
Because the chip is so small, it is often called a microprocessor, or simply a processor
Multicore Processor
Many modern computers use processors that combine 2 or more CPUS or “Cores” on a single chip, multicore processors
Capable of performing more than one task at a time. EX: Can carry out a calculation in a spreadsheet and process a graphical design simultaneously
Information Representation
Computers represent and store information differently than humans. Information is represented as bits, or 0’s and 1’s
Know binary-decimal conversions
ASCII Text Representation
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
Defines the standard for encoding characters for electronic communication
